New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Production

EFFECT OF FIBRE VOLUME FRACTION ON DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER (GFRP) COMPOSITE MATERIAL by Gagandeep Singh 

Abstract

To form a composite, two or more different constituent materials which have different physical or chemical properties are used and they do not merge in the finishing structure i.e. the individual constituents retain their properties The present research work is aimed at the development of a Composite of epoxy resin with varying volume fraction of unidirectional continuous glass fibres for calculating their dynamic mechanical properties. Experiments were conducted to calculate storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor as a function of temp. for different samples by using three point bending mode on Triton Dynamic Mechanical analyzer. Samples were subjected to wide range of stresses at different frequencies i.e. 1Hz, 2Hz and multifrequency (0.316 Hz, 3.16 HZ, 10 Hz , 31.6 Hz) and their modulus values were identified.. FRP sample having VF: 80% has highest storage modulus value of 70.42 GPa at a frequency of 31.6 Hz. With the increase in the VF Ratio, Glass transition temperature also increases from 34.4 (°C) for pure Epoxy hardener composite to 53.2 (°C) for VF: 53%.This is a significant shift in the glass transition temperature. 

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New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Civil

Unified Flexural Design for SFRC Beams by Lovepreet Singh

Abstract

Concrete is a stuff that requires strengthening in tension so as to fulfil the structural needs. New techniques are developing day by day in order to strengthen concrete besides the use of steel reinforcements. Fibre reinforcement technique is prevalent since few decades but yet there are no unique guidelines available for design using this technique and it is still unknown with the community. In this study, two guidelines that are RILEM TC-162-TDF and CNR-DT 204, proposed in 2006 are used to formulate a common design procedure. The purpose of this research is to propose a flexural design procedure for SFRC beams. In this study, an analytical model is developed for flexural capacity of SFRC beams having a rectangular section. The formulated model assumed an elastic perfect-plastic model for compression as well as a linear post cracking behaviour for tension. The proposed model is validated with experimental results. This study is necessary to determine the experimental ultimate moment which is then compared with the ultimate moments depicted from various existing guidelines. For this study, the hooked end steel fibres with 1.5%, 1.75% and 2% volume fraction by concrete volume are used in concrete matrix having a constant aspect ratio of 60. Cubes and beams were casted with a different volume fraction of steel fibres. After 28 days standard curing, the compression and flexure tests are done on cubes and beams respectively. It is observed from the results that as the fibre content is increased, the compressive and flexural strength of concrete also improves. By using the experimental data obtained from experiments in the proposed expression, it is observed that the RILEM TC-162-TDF and CNR-DT 204 provide the satisfactory results with the experimental moment.    . 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Civil

Analytical Study of Base-Isolated Soft Storied RC Building by Manjot Singh

Abstract

During earthquakes, a great loss of life has occurred, which may sometime exceed up to mil lions of casualties. Various aseismic design methods and construction technologies have been developed to reduce the effects of earthquakes on structures. The seismic base-isolation technique is a passive response control concept which has been effectively used in buildings from the recent years to reduce the seismic demand. It shifts the time period of the structure from the predominant frequency range of earthquake and simultaneously reducing the inter-storey drift and floor acceleration.  In the present study, a G+4 storey RC framed building with fixed-base is analysed by equivalent load analysis and response spectrum analysis as per the procedure given in IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002. Then the same building is analysed by using lead rubber bearings at the base to see the effect of base isolators. The isolation system is designed as per the requirements of ASCE/SEI 7-10 and then the equivalent load analysis and response spectrum analysis of the fixed-base and base-isolated building is done in SAP2000 software. The comparison of the total design seismic base shear, time period, absolute and relative floor displacement with storey height is done for the fixed-base and base-isolated building.  The comparison of the bending moment and area of steel in columns and beams with the storey height is also done.  The response of the base-isolated building is less than the fixed-base building for all the parameters considered. The total design base shear is reduced by 30.4% in the base-isolated building and the time period is increased from 0.696 sec to 2.5 sec. The relative floor displacements are reduced with the increasing height in base-isolated building and are less than the fixed-base building. The bending moments and area of steel in columns and beams are effectively reduced in the base-isolated building. 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Civil (Env.)

Bio-Conversion of Commingled Waste using Advanced Composting Technique by Kashish Jain

Abstract

Indian metropolises have been confronting a severe MSW problem. Like many cities in developing world, the municipal authorities responsible for gathering, carriage and disposal in India rarely have adequate policies, techniques, methods for utilization of financial resources or the much needed suitable infra for structured waste management. So there‘ve been consistent exertions to tackle this menace economically and efficiently. Although, incineration and landfilling provides an easy escape but the most cost-effective method which always comes to the rescue of a layman and can easily be practiced independently or publicly is of Composting. Though natural, energy efficient and an easy technique of MSW handling and conversion with not many inputs required, this method has always been time consuming and posing hindrance at compost manufacture locates with space constrictions. This study thus deals with the development of a new composting technique called Hot Composting with Extended Microbial Solution (HCEMS) and comparing the same with the vermi-composting (VC) practice to check for the enhancement in parameters such as compost maturity period, nutrient concentrations and space requirements. The new system used composting at raised temperatures in combination with addition of EM solution so as to intensify the decomposition by using both mesophillic and thermophillic microbes. While the mesophillic bacteria such as bacillus, streptococcus worked during initial low temperature condition, the thermophillic ones such as fungi, actinomycete worked at high thus doubling the decay rate. In VC, the worm eisenia fetida was employed. Regular monitoring of pH, moisture content and temperature was done. Other parameters like the TOC, total N, phosphates, potassium and C/N were also checked periodically to govern the compost maturity. The final compost prepared in case of HCEMS showed a good improvement in all nutrient characteristics when compared to VC with an increase of 30.51% in total N, 5.33% in P and 64.45% in K values. Even the final product attained maturity in just 30 days in case of HCEMS with respect to VC which attained the same in 80 days. Also, the processing was possible at the rate of 24.8 tonnes of waste per m2 of land; however it was only 3.55 tonnes per m2 in VC. Further, a proximate analysis was done to conclude the amount of decay which was also greater in the new technique. The proximate analysis also showed the decomposition of lignin which otherwise was unable to achieve in conventional methods. In general, the new technique developed showed higher productivity and should find its way into the regular composting practices replacing the conventional techniques. 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Industrial

COST REDUCTION THROUGH WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AUTO PARTS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY by Abhishek Thakur 

Abstract

Industrial waste elimination is a major challenge that is faced by all the companies in the day-to day activity of manufacturing systems. There are seven types of industrial waste in lean systems such as movement, waiting, over-production, inventory, over-processing, defects and transportation. Every industry faces same type of waste that occurs in day-to-day production activities. Muda directly or indirectly affect the production cost. Poor production cost is considered as major problem in case industry. The objective of this study is to reduce the muda from side stand process line. In this study, two techniques are used to achieve the objectives.  Value stream mapping (VSM) is a state of the art technique used to find out the major flaws in side stand process and ECSR (Eliminate Combine Simplify Reduce) technique is applied to identify the opportunities for saving. Along with the application of VSM and ECSR techniques, corrective actions are taken to reduce the muda from process flow of side stand from which higher process capability is achieved. It was observed that wastage of material`s movement was reduced by 94.4%. As proposed in model, the Work in Process (WIP) inventory has been reduced by 76.4% and workforce by 15.38%. Further, it would lead to the profit of Rs 15738.4 per month.   

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Industrial

IMPLEMENTATION OF MOBILE MAINTENANCE CONCEPT IN FORGING SHOP: A CASE STUDY By Vinayak

Abstract

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) implementation has been done from many years around the world and in Indian industries TPM implementation is a very difficult job. This strategy decreases the breakdown time, various losses and increase the availability, performance and quality rate. In the moving and competitive world, reliability is the major factor for performance and profitability of production plants. The aim of this research work is to introduce the new concept of Mobile Maintenance in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). The perspective of study was to analyse the effect of mobile maintenance with respect to ABC Company through overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and validate the results by multi attribute decision making. In this company, improvements in range of 9-24% in production, 16-37% in breakdown time, 12-29% in rejection and 11-30% in OEE of eight machines were achieved by implementing mobile maintenance concept. The results were validated by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), VIKOR method and significance of OEE was checked at 5% level. 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Industrial

Application of Lean Manufacturing using Value Stream Mapping in a Medium Scale Organization: A Case Study By Jashanpreet Singh

Abstract

Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is an important tool under lean philosophy. These days, the market is emerging fast so the manufacturers need more accuracy, minimum time and least workforce. A case study has been conducted in manufacturing unit. The unit is manufacturing the juicers, mixers, grinders, salad cutting, lassi machines etc. The main component in this juicer machine is pillar rod. VSM methodology was being used in this manufacturing unit. The current state map was made by doing personal survey and interaction, considering TAKT time as main parameter. By introducing the Band Saw Machine in the process, the improvements were made in the manufacturing unit that leads to reduction in cutting time to 50%. Another improvement was made in packaging department, wherein the focused was kept on removal of wastage. By incorporating the new plant layout with minimum changes, a future state map was made. On the basis of both current and future state map, it was observed that lead time of the component selected has been reduced by 14.88%, processing time by 13.45%, wastage of material`s movement by 37.97%. As proposed in model, the Work-in-Process (WIP) inventory has been reduced by 17.76% and workforce by 17.64%. Further it would lead to the profit of Rs.143200 per annum. 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from IT

ONLINE NEWS CLASSIFICATION USING NEURAL NETWORK AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE CLASSIFICATION By Bhumika. 

Abstract

News classification is the growing interest in the field of text mining. Availability of different types of dataset made the online news classification a crucial topic in today’s era. Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Neural network (NN) are good approaches in the context of classification problem. Text organizing has become very important in an organization too to maintain the different types of similar data.  Therefore, there is a need of automatic text classification system. In proposed work use of SVM and NN for on-line news classification has been done with the aim of better precision and recall rate. Within the proposed work, three forms of news has been classified like financial, sports and political. In this thesis, the main objective of text classification is the classification of documents into a settled amount of predefined classes. Every single archive could be in no class, several, or precisely one by any means. Our main goal is to utilize machine learning algorithm to understand classifiers. From cases which execute several categories assignments subsequently. This is type of issue is a supervised learning issue. Since classes might possibly cover, every specific class is dealt with as a different double order. The initial phase in content characterization is to alter records, which generally are series of characters, into a representation which is appropriate for the learning algorithm along with the arrangement assignment. Data Retrieval research anticipates that word stems function quite well as demonstration units and that their sequence in a text document file is of small importance for several tasks. This directs to an attribute value representation of text.  The proposed work implementation includes the use of SVM and NN for online news classification. In the proposed work, three types of news has been classified like financial, sports and political and the whole implementation has been taken place in MATLAB 2010a.From results simulation it has been seen that NN accuracy comes out to be better than SVM. Also in the end the proposed work has been compared with nave bay’s classifier and it has been concluded that the accuracy of proposed work is better having value 99% then previous technique having value 92%. 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Civil

Parametric study on hybrid beams by Amritpal Kaur

Abstract

Almost all the structures in case of industrial, commercial or housing are constructed of RCC. Corrosion of steel bars, overloading or faulty construction, etc is the main reasons due to which the concept of strengthening of RCC structures came into existence. For providing strengthening to these structures, there are several strengthening materials like Fibre reinforcement polymer, Ferrocement or steel plates. The flexural behaviour of RC beams is analyzed by strengthening them with Ferrocement and Fibre reinforced polymer using ANSYS. To study the effect in the flexural behaviour of RC beams with the change in tensile steel and number of layers of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer, a parametric study is also done. The effect of the combination of ferrocement and GFRP laminate on flexural strength is also studied. The numerical modelling of these hybrid beams using ANSYS compensates for the time invested in experimental flexural study and also save the material required for experimental investigation. In the present investigation, twenty-seven beams are modelled. One control beam and one wire mesh epoxy composite beam are modelled and their numerical results are compared with experimental results. Then a comparison is carried out between ferrocement beam and wire mesh epoxy composite beam. After this comparison, the remaining twenty-four hybrid beams are modelled, in which first three ferrocement beams are modelled by using single U wrap ferrocement layer and varying diameter of tensile reinforcement (12mm, 10mm and 8mm). Then nine GFRP beams are modelled in which numbers of GFRP layers are varied and tensile reinforcement is varied. After this analysis, next nine beams are modelled in which combination of ferrocement and GFRP layers are used and the size of tensile reinforcement is varied. The numerical analysis using ANSYS revealed that a combination of ferrocement and GFRP layers shows better results as compared to their individual use.

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from Civil

Effect of Polypropylene on the Strength and Durability of Bagasse Ash Cement Stabilized Clay Soil by Tarun Sharma

Abstract

Soil is the foundation material which supports loads from the overlying structure. Many times, soil beneath the structure has weak geotechnical properties, which affects the stability of soil and hence failure of the structure occurs in the form of settlement and cracks etc. Construction of the embankments on the weak and thin foundation soils often poses problems for designers and contractors. Failure due to inadequacy of properties of soft soil, due to swelling and shrinkage of soft soils and due to differential settlement of buildings are some of the failures associated with construction of structures on soft soils. So it is imperative to take out the weak soil and replace it with decent additive or improvising the properties of soft soil by soil reinforcement or soil stabilization or combination of both. Researchers are always in chase for finding innovative techniques for ground improvement using sustainable and locally accessible materials.   

At present, the agricultural and industrial wastes are the major threats across the globe for the environment and humanity due to its disposal problem. Consequently, agricultural waste creates environmental pollution which disturbs the ecosystem. Due to this, engineers have to take challenge for safe disposal of industrial and agricultural wastes. This investigation undertakes use of agricultural waste (i.e. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash) with binding agent (i.e. Ordinary Portland Cement) in stabilizing the clayey soil and reinforcing it with industrial waste (i.e. Polypropylene fibers). Different endeavours have been made to enhance the strength parameters of soil utilising chemical additives as a part of mix with lime and cement, yet researchers need to concentrate more on effective usage of less expensive and locally accessible materials.  

Under this investigation, several unconfined compression tests were conducted in different stages on clayey soil with replacement of soil by SCBA (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) only, by bagasse ash-cement mix and by bagasse ash-cement mix reinforced with PP-fibers. The unconfined compression tests were performed after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing periods. The outcomes show that the recommended technique is exceptionally effective to enhance the strength parameters of clayey soil as far as unconfined compressive strength is concerned and the durability of soil was also improved. It is found that the friction between the soil particles and fibers at their interface and bond strength seem to be controlling the benefit of reinforcement. For best utilization, the optimum percentage of SCBA, OPC and PP-fibers is 6% sugarcane bagasse ash, 6% ordinary Portland cement and 0.75% polypropylene fibers. Finally, it may be concluded that stabilisation of clayey soil with PP-fibers reinforcement is an effective method.                                       

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from CSE

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR FINGERPRINT ENHANCEMENT USING SPATIAL AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN FILTERING by Mehak Sood 

Abstract

Fingerprints are one of the most popular biometric which find use in a wide number of applications. The fingerprint images gathered are generally of low-quality due to varying input contexts such as different pressure applied, dryness or wetness of hands, scars and so on. The low quality of these images affects the performance of the automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS). Generally, the algorithms are developed using techniques from either the spatial domain or the frequency domain to enhance these low-quality fingerprint images. This research work proposes a novel algorithm to enhance the low-quality fingerprint using techniques from both the spatial and frequency domain. Firstly, coherence filtering using optimized rotation invariant anisotropic diffusion filter is done. This processing joins the broken ridges and removes the noise. Then, ridge filtering which uses a bank of Gabor filter in the spatial domain selected specifically according to estimated ridge orientation and frequency is done. This step helps in separating the ridges and valleys which improves the distinction between them and recovers the damaged regions but at the same time produces a blurring effect. Finally, frequency domain filtering using a bandpass filter which uses the re-estimated ridge orientation and frequency estimations from the spatial domain enhanced image is done to get the final enhanced image. This step removes the blurring effect caused by the spatial domain processing and helps in clearer distinction between the earlier merged ridge and valley regions. The proposed scheme joins the broken ridges, helps in clear distinction between ridges and valleys, recovers the damaged regions, removes the noise, improves the contrast, and smoothes the ridges.  To compare the performance of the proposed algorithm, some state-of-the-art techniques: coherence filtering, Gabor filtering, Fourier analysis, and a hybrid approach were implemented. The visual analysis shows that the proposed algorithm gives the best results as compared to some of the state-of-the-art techniques over randomly chosen images from public FVC2004 database.  The texture descriptor analysis shows that the proposed algorithm, improves the texture of the fingerprint image better than the other state-of-the-art techniques. Two feature extraction techniques namely the thinning technique and the mindct technique are used to compute the minutiae ratios. The minutiae ratio analysis is done separately for both the feature extraction techniques. The minutiae ratio analysis shows that the proposed algorithm achieves high True Minutiae Ratio (TMR) of 94.82% and low False Minutiae Ratio (FMR), Dropped Minutiae Ratio (DMR), Exchanged Minutiae Ratio (EMR) with thinning technique of feature extraction. Also, the proposed algorithm achieves high TMR of 90.45% and low FMR, DMR, EMR with the mindct technique of feature extraction. Moreover, the proposed algorithm outperforms the above stated stateof-the-art techniques for both the feature extraction techniques when comparison is done on the four sub-databases of FVC2004 separately using both the feature extraction techniques. The enhanced image will thus help in improving the performance of the AFIS as well. 

New M.E.Thesis Submitted from IT

Intelligent multi-layer perceptron algorithm for disease classification application, By Gursharan Singh, IT

Abstract

Decision tree based techniques are being continuously evolved for classification of medical datasets. Different algorithms based on soft computing and hard computing has been developed to apply on medical datasets. Hybrid techniques find their way out to search for the solution of cancer databases. Some are inspired by nature and some are inspired by biological phenomenon. Biological inspired methods are successfully developed and applied for different medical problems. In current research, an intelligent technique inspired from neural network, supervised multilayer perceptron decision tree have been applied and evaluated successfully to classify lung cancer based datasets. A comparison has been made with other techniques to check the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results shows that proposed technique achieved appropriate accuracy to classify cancer data sets which is more as compared to other techniques. TP rate, ROC and Precision is highest for proposed method amongst other method. Hence, proposed algorithm is optimum to classify cancer related datasets.