New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from industrial

A STUDY TO INVESTIGATE VIBRATION EXPOSURE AMONG ON ROAD TRACTOR VEHICLE DRIVERS by Chander Prakash 

Abstract

For being an agricultural country, over 60 percent of India’s land area is arable, contributes to 16 percent of GDP and employment of 65 percent of total workforce. All such contributions couldn’t be possible without modernization of agriculture by means of mechanized machinery such as tractors. On the contrary, tractors have been found to be a major source of occupational whole body vibration which may affect human ride comfort. So, present study has been undertaken to investigate occupational whole body vibration exposures among tractor drivers while performing on-road as well as in-field harrowing operation. Ten (10) male drivers having mean age 25.10±3.78 years, body mass 75.3±8.54 Kg, stature 1.548±0.01 meter and body mass index 31.43±3.48 Kg/m2 were considered for conducting experimental runs. A total of three hundred sixty (360) experiments were conducted. It has been found that majority of vibration exposure levels in vertical axis were found to be exceeding exposure action value (EAV) as recommended by ISO 2631-1 1997 under on-road operations at 1500 as well as 2000 RPM levels. However, such exposure levels were observed to be exceeding EAV level in x, y and z axes under harrowing operation at 1500 RPM. Moreover, exposure values found above than exposure limit value (ELV) at 2000 RPM. Consequently, postural variation also showed varying vibration responses among all the selected subjects under different experimental conditions. The daily exposure A(8) and daily dose (VDVexp) value were also exceeding ISO exposure limits which may lead to severe health disorders if exposed to such vibrations for long term. Although, 1/3 octave analysis depicted a dominant frequency range of 3.15-4 Hz among all the subjects under entire on-road experimentation. While, frequency about 10 Hz found to be dominant under harrowing operation at both 1500 and 2000 RPM levels. Hence, it has been concluded that tractors needed more

designing efforts in order to damp vibration levels. In addition to it, suitable working time might be planned for operating tractor for various applications accordingly so vibration levels remains up to ISO exposure limits.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF NUMBER OF CELLS IN 2-LANE AND 4-LANE PRE-STRESSED BOX GIRDER BRIDGE DECK by Romila 

Abstract

Bridges are the key elements in any road construction network, use of box girder is gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency. The structural behavior of box girder is complicated, which is difficult to analyze in its actual conditions by conventional methods. In present study 2- lane & 4-lane Prestressed Box Girder Bridge is analyzed for moving loads, dead load & Prestressed load, as per Indian Road Congress IRC:6-2014 “standard specifications and code of practice for road bridges”, Prestressed Code IS: 1343-2012: code of practice for Prestressed concrete& IRC:18-2000 for “Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges” specifications. The analysis of box girder is done by using CSIBridge2016 and Prestressed with parabolic tendons which utilize full section. The various spans 40m, 50m & 60m are considered to study the effect of no. of cells for 2-lane & 4-lane at which stresses, B.M, S.F and deflection are compared.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF 14nm 7-FIN SOI FINFET  by Gurleen Kaur

Abstract

Scaling of standard CMOS is becoming difficult due to rising subthreshold leakage and gate leakage.

FinFETs i.e. Multi-gate FETs have come out as the most assuring contenders to extend the scaling of

CMOS insub-25nm region this is because of more electrostatic control due to use of multiple gatesover the channel which lowers the coupling between drain and source in the subthreshold regime. Both bulk and SOI FinFETs are capable of attaining similar performance. Bulk FinFETs need more convoluted doping implementation. Variability control is complex in bulk FinFETs. Dielectric isolation in SOI FinFETs results in reduced leakage current and parasitic capacitances. Sharper subthreshold slope, lower mobility degradation and smaller body effect can be achieved with SOI MOSFETs when operated in full depletion mode. Driving capability for small voltage designs can be increased by use of SOI FinFETs. This results in diminished threshold voltage roll off, reliable narrow junctions, absolute removal of latch up problems. In this thesis work, 14nm 7-fin SOI FinFET is designed and analysed using Visual TCAD. And it’s V-I characteristics are obtained and also Ion , Ioff , Ion /Ioff ratio, SS and Vth is calculated from that. And Ion /Ioff ratio is optimized w.r.t. Temperature and Oxide thickness variation using PSO.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer

PERFORMING ANALYTICS ON HEALTHCARE DATA USING HADOOP HIVE by Upasna Sharma 

Abstract

Big Data analysis poses huge challenges for organizations to extract meaningful information considering huge variety and volume of data made openly available related to finance, business, healthcare, etc. Not only the people but even machines are generating data too e.g. satellites, washing machines, wearable gadgets, buildings equipped with recorders, smoke detectors and cameras, wind turbines, and what not. Sensors are installed on so many devices which contribute to Big Data generation to a large extent. Now the problem is that there is already gigantic amount of data, but the main area of concern is how to analyse the data to draw new inferences from it and gain some knowledge. The main aim of the proposed work is to analyse large data sets effectively and compare the performance of Hive over Map-Reduce, Impala and Hive over Spark based on data load time and average query time. Also, query optimization has been done using compression algorithms like ORC and PARQUET. ORC is the latest compression algorithm in the domain of Hadoop. Impala is better than other platforms in terms of query execution on a simple text file as it provides the least query execution latency. Hive over Spark is a great platform to store and analyse large data sets by combining the techniques of partitioning and compression. There is approximately 50% improvement in query execution time of Hive MR by using compression format ORC and Parquet. Impala does not work on ORC format. So, it is used only on PARQUET format and shows 60-70% improvement in query execution performance.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH IN CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT WITH CEMENT by Amandeep Kaur

Abstract

There are dozens impacts of cement on our environment. More environmental problems are enerated by manufacturing of cement in cement industries and they can produce CO2 emissions in large amount. Researchers are more focused on the environmental effects. With increases the demand and consumption of cement, researchers are in search of developing an secondary binders of material that binders are ecofriendly and impart the waste management. The reduction of waste material can be reduced by the utilization of industrial and agricultural waste material which are produced by the industries. In this present work, sugarcane bagasse ash is used as a binding material in concrete. The sugarcane bagasse is produced by the sugar mills after the extraction of juice. The sugarcane bagasse ash is obtained when it is burnt on uncontrolled conditions. Sugarcane bagasse ash is the most part of land fill. Sugarcane bagasse ash is taken from Ludhiana and used as pozzalonic material because it contain pozzalonic properties. In this work, M25 grade of concrete used by replacing of sugarcane bagasse ash (0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%) by weight of cement. The properties for hardened concrete. The tests conducted compressive strength at the age of 7 and 28 days. The Flexural strength, Split tensile strength, Water absorption, Abrasion resistance and Water permeability test was conducted at the age of 28 days. The tests results of compression, split tensile and flexural strength and permeability increases upto a certain limit, than it start decreases. The water absorption increases with increases the percentages of sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

ANALYSIS OF SHEAR WALL WITH DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION IN MULTISTOREY BUILDING by Manvinder Kingra 

Abstract

Shear wall is a structural system composed of braced panels (also known as shear panels) to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Wind and seismic loads are the most common loads that shear walls are designed to carry. Shear walls resist in-plane loads that are applied along its height. A diaphragm, collector, or drag member generally transfers the applied load to the wall. They are built in wood, concrete, and CMU (masonry). Shear walls must provide the necessary lateral strength to resist horizontal earthquake forces. The present thesis is made in the interest of studying and analysis of various research works involved in enhancement of shear walls and their behavior towards lateral loads. As shear walls resists major portions of lateral loads in the lower portion of the buildings and the frame supports the lateral loads in the upper portions of building, which is suited for soft storey high-rise building, as in India base floors used for parking and garages or officers and upper floors are used for residential purposes. Shear wall is designed in a high-rise building and in earthquakes prone areas. In this research, the shear wall is analyzed by using SAP 2000 software. The main function of shear wall is to resist lateral force acting on the structure by acting like a deep beam. Normally they are located inside building and mostly walls that support lift is reinforced to act as shear walls. Linear and Nonlinear Analysis is done which includes various load combination based on the Indian Code provisions i.e. IS standard (IS 875 (PART I & PART II) – 1987) and Seismic load as per as IS standard IS 1893 PART I – 2007 and IS 456- 2000. This report includes various chapter in which applied to putting together of G+10 floor situated in ZONE IV in Ludhiana. Shear force, bending moment and floor drift be computed and location of shear wall with heights and types would be found. For this study, 11-storey building with a 3.2 -meters height for each storey, regular in the plan is modeled. These buildings are designed in keeping with the Indian Code. The buildings are assumed to be fixed at the base. The sections of structural elements are rectangular. Storey heights of buildings are assumed constant including the ground storey. Five different models are studied with different positioning of the shear wall in the building. Models are studied in zone IV comparing lateral displacement for all models.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer

NOVEL APPROACH FOR DRUG DISCOVERY USING NEURAL NETWORK BACK PROPAGATION ALGORITHM by Neha Tandon 

Abstract

A complex structure that focuses on the analysis of variety of levels in regular manner is known as the ontology process. It is different from the methods that evaluate the ontology in a direct manner. When there is a need to transcendently automate the evaluation and not totally leaving the work on clients is the main focus here. There has been an involvement in the programmed learning methods for constructing the ontology which is completely a level-based method. There are different strategies included for various levels. There are all these levels that are defined at various levels. The hominidae species is represented as base class in the ontology method. Here the class, object properties as well as data properties are present. There are three classes further present which are gene, Go_id and the gene functionality. For the purpose of mapping the two base classes, the object properties are utilized. Basically it involves the five different properties that are belongs_to, has_go, has_gene, has_evidence, and has_functionality. In this work, technique is been proposed which is based on the neural networks which will mark the area for which the drug need to be discovered. The proposed technique is implemented in MATLAB and it is been analyzed that accuracy is increased and execution time is reduced.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer

 SMOOTHENING OF CONCATENATIVE GENERATED SPEECH by Sarpreet Kaur Gill 

Abstract

Speech Synthesis is the procedure of changing texture to speech signal. Basically, it is an artificial production of human speech. There are mainly three methods used to build Text To Speech (TTS) systems, namely, Articulatory, Formant and Concatenate synthesis. One of the main problems is the occurrence of various discontinuities among two concatenative samples. When the connection between various speech samples is well audible, it deals with the gapping scenario. The speech which is synthesized can work very genuine if the discontinuities at the points of the concatenation are noiseless. But the problem arises when these concatenations of the joins are clearly audible, their presence can create problems to the auditor and it deals with the reduction of the overall quality measure for the synthesis of speech samples. Databases containing longer discourse units and the assortment of yield is restricted there will be lesser connection focuses. In frameworks where discourse is made by consolidating substantial number of littler discourse units, there is an expansion in the quantity of joins and subsequently discontinuities. So our proposed system deals with the hybrid filtration with hidden markov model for the speech synthesis. The filtration process deals with the beam forming approach which will filter out the high frequency components and will eliminate it from the signal. Then HMM will train the system and as a result of which we will get the transition and estimation probabilities. The evaluation of the output speech signal is done on the basis of two parameters Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). For smoothen signal the value of Mean Square Error should be low and the value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio should be high.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

Biogas production from food waste and effect of its slurry on Plant growth by Somil Thakur 

Abstract

Increasing population has increased the amount of waste generation leading to a new crisis in the form of solid waste management. Scientists around the world are focusing on the alternatives to utilize this solid waste in an energy efficient way. This solid waste includes both biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials. Kitchen waste forms a major portion of this biodegradable waste. The presented study is based on utilization of this abundant biodegradable waste for producing biogas which is the best source of renewable energy. Biogas production is an age old concept to produce energy using mainly cattle dung. However, the slurry produced from such plants has always been an issue to discuss. This study provides a solution to this problem by utilization of slurry as compost. The total biogas production was 4290ml, 4450ml, 6430ml, 12210ml, 11175ml in Digester number A, B, C, D, E respectively after 33 days of study. Also best growth of ladyfinger plant was observed by slurry of digester number E. This is a novel work focused on food waste as well as slurry management through biogas production. Different process parameters were analyzed during the process of biogas generation i.e. Total Solids, Suspended Solids, pH and Volatile Fatty Acids etc. This process technology can be further used to set-up small scale biogas plants in households for proper use of gas generation by food waste under natural environmental conditions and efficient usage of slurry

produced.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

Stabilization of Sewage Sludge by Vermi Composting by Sonakshi Gurung 

Abstract

Toxic concentrations of heavy metals have been reported to be present in STPs as many industries dispose their waste directly in domestic sewers without prior treatment and thus they are carried to the sludge generated during the treatment processes. This sludge is directly fed to fields without any proper analysis or treatment which ultimately enters the food chain. This problem can be handled by biodegradation methods to lessen its threat to the environment. This study used one such technique of vermi composting for stabilizing the toxic sludge. Aerobic sewage sludge was assembled from the SBR unit of sewage treatment plant situated at Bhattian, Ludhiana. The work aimed at reducing the heavy metal content (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) from aerobic sewage sludge by the vermicomposting method using earthworm Eisenia foetida with the different activators (Cow Dung, Poultry Manure and Horse Dung) at 50:50 proportion by mass for 105-day period. Vermi-beds of size 3´×3´×0.5´ were set up and the raw material was inserted in the said proportions. The lab and field analysis were performed on regular intervals. The parameters considered for the study were pH, moisture content, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, total potassium, total phosphorus and the heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb). The results showed that both cow dung and poultry manure are commensurable for causing the decomposition of the sewage sludge and were better than horse dung. And for stabilizing the heavy metals, cow dung acted as the best activator. The lab analysis depicted high values of chromium which made it the main toxic element that needed removal. The study further showed that there are high heavy metal contents in the activator themselves which contribute to the high values in the pit material at the initial stages but still considering their stabilization effect they are added. the sewage sludge waste but in case of heavy metals, cow dung acts as the best stabilization material.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF STEEL FIBERS ON GFRP WRAPPED CONCRETE BEAMS by Bikramjit Singh 

Abstract

The fiber demand has been increased in civil engineering applications to enhance the properties of concrete. The cost effective technique is needed with this new material which improves the structural properties. The tensile reinforcement can be replaced fully or partially by using steel fibers. From earlier studies, it has been established that steel fiber improves the compressive as well as tensile strength of the concrete. There is an innovative idea to improve the strength and ductility of the concrete by using steel fibers with different proportions along with the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Fabric as an external reinforcement. Because steel fibers provide inherent tensile strength to the concrete and GFRP fabric also improves the ductility of the concrete and reduces the corrosion of the member. So this combination of steel fibers and GFRP fabric is a great deal to enhance the post cracking strength of the concrete. So this experimental study is used to compare the flexural strength and ductility of the concrete beams and SFRC beams strengthened with GFRP fabric. The tests were conducted by using length of 60mm of fibers, aspect ratio 80 and volume fraction 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by varying steel fiber content. The compression test was conducted on cubes and flexural test on prismatic beams. Then comparison between ductility of conventional concrete beams and SFRC beams and beams wrapped with GFRP Lamina was done. It was found that the load carrying capacity

increased as the fiber content increases from 0.5% to 1.5% and then decreases at 2%. Remarkable rise is noted in flexural strength with an increase in fiber content up to 1.5%. The flexural strength of  SFRC 1.5% beams was increased by 102.5% than control beam and 44.93% than SFRC 1.5% beam without wrapping. The compressive strength of SFRC 1.5% cubes is increased by 20.25% than control cubes. The deflection ductility increases at 1.5% fiber volume fraction in both SFRC beams without wrapping and SFRC beams wrapped with GFRP lamina.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

HYPO SLUDGE AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE by Navraj Kaur Brar 

Abstract

The increasing amount of waste is a concerning reality that has arose the sustainability issues of the environment. Hypo sludge in the paper mill generates a huge amount of waste in the form of slurry, disposal of which causes environmental pollution. The production of cement also accounts for the global warming by releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere. Therefore, formulation of concrete with industrial waste can help in minimizing the environmental problems. In this study hypo sludge was used as a replacement of cement in concrete. In present experimental investigation, the various percentages of hypo sludge such as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were replaced by cement in concrete. The different parameters with varying proportions of hypo sludge to minimize the use of cement in concrete such as the compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days, flexural strength, split tensile strength and water permeability test at 28 days.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF CEMENT AND CORN COB ASH ON UCS AND DIRECT SHEAR TEST OF CLAYEY SOIL by Gurjap Singh

Abstract

The Soil present in natural conditions may not be appropriate for using it for any type of construction work. Soil present in nature at required site may be have no. of strength deficiencies such as its less tendency to withstand the load due to construction work having lower bearing capacity and high amount of compressibility. Soil therefore thus needs to be stabilized and its properties needs to be modified in appropriate way to gain high strength characteristics before its apllication for any type of construction work. Where agricultural commodities are grown and produced at large scale those nations are facing problems due to large amount of agricultural wastage produced like rice husk,corn cob,sugarcane baggasse.etc. Corn cobs are thrown in the field by farmers as waste. As corn cobs does not decompose easily results in causing numerous problems to surroundings as well as environment. Corn cob ash is produced by burning corn cobs. Corn cob ash rich source of silica and thus having large tendency to behave like pozzolana make it very suitable for using as cementious material. Objective and motive of study investigation is to investigate Soil:Cement:Corn Cob Ash mixture strength improvement by seeing its strength through UCS , DIRECT SHEAR TEST of stabilized soils. These tests were performed by addition of varying Soil:Cement:Corn cob ash mixtures. Having varying value of OMC and MDD. Locally obtained soil was tested by adding varying cement content. Corn cob ash was added in varying amount alongside optimized cement value. 7 and 14 days curing duration was done. For optimum mixture cement 2% and corn cob ash 6% compressive strength enlarged by 257 kN/m2 and 334 kN/m2 as equated to virgin soil strength for 7 and 14 days curing spell respectively. Shear strength for optimum mixture increased by 14kN/m2 as equated to virgin soil strength for 14 days curing spell.Consequently Strength parameters were found showing a sufficient improvement in the strength features of the soil.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PUNJABI NEWS ARTICLES USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE by Gagandeep Kaur 

Abstract

Sentiment analysis is a field of Natural Language Processing and it is the most trending field of research. In the process of text mining that is used to find out people’s opinion about a particular product, topic and predicting market trends or outcomes of elections, detecting and classifying sentiments from the text. Sentiment analysis on the Punjabi language is to be performed because of increasing amount of Punjabi content over the web, provides an important aspect for the researchers, organizations, and governments to analyze the user-generated content and get the useful information from it. This work basically focuses on mining sentiments and analyzing them for the Punjabi language. With the increase in the amount of information being communicated via regional languages like Punjabi, comes a promising opportunity of mining this information. Nowadays, it is a new trend to read online news in a daily practice. People's opinion tends to be changed as per they read news content. The news content that they read normally about the negative content regarding various things for example rapes, corruption, thefts etc. Reading such negative news is spreading negativity around the society. So there is need to classify the positive and negative news content for creating a positive environment because if they read positive they think positive. Support Vector Machine approach is used by the proposed system to classify the content into different categories of news like crime, entertainment, politics, sports, and weather and then finding its polarity. The results of the proposed system depict remarkable accuracy. The accuracy of sentiment analysis on Punjabi news articles using Support vector machine is found to be 90%.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer

DETECTION OF CONVECTIVE CLOUD MOVEMENT by Roopali Kalra 

Abstract

Weather information is very important for human safety, agriculture or to prevent any kind of loss. Clouds play a very important role in balancing energy and water cycle. Also, they are helpful in predicting weather information. There are two forms of clouds which are present in the sky. These clouds are namely stratiform clouds and some are convective clouds. Stratified clouds are known as low clouds. These clouds have uniform base and have horizontal layering. Stratified clouds result into a light mizzle or a small amount of snow and do not indicate much meteorological activity. Convective clouds are ones that form and grow by the process known as convection. Precipitation from these types of cloud is often short-term, heavy and usually begins and ends suddenly. To identify the types of clouds is an important task as if one can have that knowledge before-hand, the damage to life and property which are caused due to heavy rain or storms can be prevented. Convective clouds are high intensity clouds and stratiform clouds are low intensity clouds. The main idea of this work is to extract the high intensity clouds and low intensity clouds from the meteorological images and also check if there is any anomalous movement in the convective clouds. MAXZ image from Doppler weather radar installed in Patiala has been used. The radar covers the various locations in the radius of 250 km from Patiala. The color scale has been used to differentiate two types of cloud. The shape of the clouds has been detected on the basis of area and depending on the shape, the movement of clouds is judged.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer

WAVELET BASED ALGORITHM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF RAINMASS FROM RADAR IMAGES by Rajdeep Kaur 

Abstract

Water is a very important part of human life. Economic scenario of a country highly depends on the rainfall. Rainfall estimation has become very necessary due to day by day increasing global heat level. An enormous amount of rainfall is a serious threat to both life and property because it causes a flood. Therefore, it is important to find where rainfall has occurred, the amount of rainfall and to forecast rainfall. Warnings of the flood can be generated before rainfall occurrence if heavy rainfall is forecasted accurately. Precise prediction of rainfall can be achieved by using accurate rainfall estimation technique. Basically, there are three estimation techniques namely: rain gauge, weather radar and numerical weather prediction model. Among all the three, weather radar provides more accurate information about the rainfall and therefore is widely used in rainfall prediction models. Weather radar measures reflectivity. The reflectivity of weather radar is directly related to rainfall rate. Moreover, weather radar performs short term rainfall prediction, based on the current weather situation. Therefore, a new algorithm using Met Eireann rainfall radar images has been proposed for the identification of rainmass from radar images. Physical and morphological feature of each identified rainmass is extracted. The next movement of rainmass is predicted based on the features of preceding rainmasses identified from the radar images.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

PARAMETRIC STUDY OF CONCRETE BOX GIRDER BRIDGE by Nupur Singla 

Abstract

With more and more infrastructure projects coming up in India and all around the world the economics of bridges have also received a lot of attention in last few decades. Bridges are an essential part of transportation infrastructure of any country. It is becoming increasingly essential for a designer to find out the most efficient solution which could be both safe and economical. Structural behavior and economy of a bridge largely depends upon its span arrangement and geometry. Major geometrical parameters chosen for superstructure is span length, span/depth ratio and number of cells in Box Girder Bridge. Designers use these parameters based on the past experiences and same typical values are used repetitively considering their satisfactory performance. With the advancement of construction technology and invention of high performance concrete it is necessary to revise the conventional values and make the structure more economical. Span-to-depth ratio, also known as slenderness ratio (L/h), is an important bridge design parameter that relates a bridge’s span length to its girder depth. Similarly number of cells in Box Girder Bridge also plays a vital role in structural behavior of a bridge. Hence, all these parameters are considered together to study the effect of their effect on the structural behavior as well as cost of a box girder bridge. In the present work, the effect of Span to depth ratio, span length and number of cells is studied by analyzing and designing Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge by considering different values of these parameters. Span to depth ratios 15, 20 and 25, Span length 30m, 40m and 50m is considered each for single and double cell Box Girders. Thus, total 18 cases are considered in this study. Detailed analysis is carried out to find out the design bending moment, shear force and deflection values. The analysis of bridge superstructure is carried out in STAAD Pro. Software. From the detailed analysis & design of each configuration, the influence of given parameters is studied on the deflection of Box Girder Bridge. The design as per Indian Standard Codes for each configuration is done. Following that, the drawings are prepared from which the material quantity i.e. Concrete and steel are calculated. Then the rate as per state government schedule is applied to these quantities to obtain the total unit cost of a Concrete Box Girder Bridge superstructure. From the study it is observed that with increase in span to depth ratio, deflection of the structure increases. With increase in ratio, depth decreases which ultimately decrease the quantity of material. This eventually lowers the cost of superstructure. It has been observed from the present study that with change in span length there is significant change in overall steel and concrete quantity for the bridge which leads to huge variation in raw material costs and also the variation in deflection of bridge deck. Similarly number of cells in Box Girder Bridge also plays a vital role in structural behavior and economy of a bridge. 

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF RIB PATTERN ON THE BOND STRENGTH OF REBARS by Jagvir Singh

Abstract

The transfer of forces from rebars to encompassing concrete in reinforced concrete (RC) is affected by numerous parameters. A few endeavors were made to comprehend the impact of bond on worldwide conduct of RC members. However, comparison data on bond strength of various rib patterns for various diameter is inadequate. An attempt was made to contemplate the impact of different parameters on bond, for example, depth of cross ribs, spacing between two neighboring ribs and embedment length. The present study is done on rebar of diameters 12mm, 16mm, 20mm and 25mm. For embedment lengths of 75mm, 150 mm, 225mm, 300mm and 375mm for 12mm diameter, for M25 concrete grade. The bars were inserted in concrete with confinement utilizing spirals reinforcement according to IS 2770:1967. The casting was finished keeping the bars in the vertical position. The anchorage bond specimens were tested utilizing universal testing machine. The bond stress was found to decreasing as the bar diameter increased. Bond failure was seen during pullout test in confined specimens.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE BEAMS by Jaskaran Singh 

Abstract

In the immediate scenario construction industry utilizing concrete doesn’t promote sustainable form of development. High volume fly ash concrete deal with these cores issues and lays foundation of construction industry towards sustainability. Traditionally, fly ash used in structural concrete as a replacement or supplementary material has been limited to 10–35% cement replacement. In this experimental study laboratory exam were conducted on control concrete and concrete containing 50 % replacement of cement with fly ash that is high volume fly ash concrete. The prime intention of the research was to take note on the shear behaviour of HVFAC beams with two size of coarse aggregates (16 mm, 20 mm) at four percentage of longitudinal steel (0.8%, 1.25%, 1.8%, 2.51%) and compare this with similarly designed conventional concrete beam. From the test results it is indicated that shear strength of the beam having 20 mm aggregate tends to be more in comparison to the shear strength of beam having 16 mm aggregate in high volume fly ash concrete, when the percentage of longitudinal steel is kept same in both cases. The ultimate load carrying capacity and shear strength of concrete increases with increase in percentage of longitudinal steel of beams having same crossection in high volume fly ash concrete as well as in control concrete. Replacement of fly ash with cement in high volume fly ash concrete has led to small decrement in compressive strength of concrete.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

COST OPTIMIZATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES by Amanjot Singh

Abstract

In modern era manufacturing units are extra competitive for providing the high-quality products with lowest cost. Organizations have crucial plan to increasing profit, service quality and decreasing total cost i.e. supplier cost, transportation cost etc. in supply chain network. Every company has few aspects of the supply chain network that it must direct and grow beneficially and efficiently to stay alive and raise. Manufacturing industries face many problems in their supply chain network that include- Inability to meet demand for production of products and material, shortage of material/less production, excess of material/more production or holding cost of inventory to keep excess material, high supplier cost and high transportation cost due to mismatch, low profit margin. In the current work artificial intelligence techniques genetic algorithm and pattern search has been used to solve the optimization problem of supply chain network. In supply chain network, total supplier cost and transportation cost has been optimized. A comparison has been carried out with actual cost. From simulation results, we can see that pattern search algorithm gives optimal solution for supplier cost and transportation cost. Thus, pattern search method is effective for solving supply chain network problem. By using this method supplier cost reduced to Rs. 473900 and transportation cost reduced to Rs. 39000 from actual cost.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

TO MITIGATE THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FAULTS ON COMMUTATION OF LCC HVDC SYSTEM by Kamaljeet Kaur 

Abstract

To transfer large amount of direct current power having high amplitude voltage over long distance HVDC transmission system is used. HVDC is abbreviation of high voltage direct current. This system was introduced 60 year ago and now it is widely used all over the world. In power transmission field there are various types of High voltage direct current systems. Some examples are Voltage-Sourced-Converter (VSC), capacitor commutated converter (CCC) and line commutated converter (LCC) dependant HVDC techniques.VSC method used for multi-terminal Direct Current grid, but line commutated direct current method performs better as compare to VSC in broad distance large amount of power transmission due to its efficiency. Various difficulties faced in LCC HVDC system like while voltage is reduced from (10% to 15%) and commutate fails. The LCC HVDC system is having better performance in comparison to others so the analysis is done on this system to reduce the commutation distortion. The 500 kV, 5000 MVA at 60 Hz system is connected to 345 kV, 10000 MVA at 50 Hz system using DC line of 1000 MW, 500 kV and 2 kA line. The 12 pulse monopolar thyristor converter based HVDC system is used for this analysis. The DC fault is having less effect on commutation as compare to the AC single and three phase fault. During DC fault only the distortion is occurring which is minimized with the help of DC filter. During AC faults the commutation failure is occur that is minimized by using IGBT capacitor circuit. The comparison of results is done with the system having no fault and it is conclude that the AC faults are the main reason of commutation failure and that effect is mitigate with the help of IGBT capacitor circuit.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

ALL OPTICAL CDMA CONFIDENTIALITY ENHANCEMENT USING 16 CODE KEYING by  Prabhjot Kaur 

Abstract

As we know OCDMA is a coding technique which is used to spread optical pulses with respect to time wavelength. This technique can support simultaneous users to access optical channels. Now the concept of multi-code keying encryption has been used to enhance received power, confidentiality and security of the OCDMA system. In order to solve the above mentioned purpose hardware implementation is done by using Optical exclusive XOR gate and codeword multiplexer CMUX. This optical design is highly scalable. The basically for the input sequence of data bits and the sequence of encryption keys NRZ modulation format is used. Thus 16 code keying has been constructed using XOR of 2 code, 4 code and 8 code keying. Using optisystem software, this has been observed that on increasing coding from 2 keying to 16 keying, power improves and trails enhance. Thus, as a result security and confidentiality improves, it has been possible due to the XOR gate and NRZ generator with CMUX. There is successive improvement of 52% using 16 coding technique as it improves due to 2� � codewords. Since the proposed system is based on XOR gate and NRZ pulses, this is the best system to improve confidentiality or to improve encryption. The latency of XOR gate is very high and because if this feature, MAI is also reduced. Since number of code words being used in 16 code keying is more than any other system, it will make difficult for the eavesdropper to recognize the data symbols. Also the system is providing with another benefit of more power received which will make the system highly secure as the transmission is being done at 1550 nm. Hence the confidentiality and the power improvement is best in case of 16 code keying.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

IMPROVEMENT OF POWER QUALITY USING PHOTOVOLTAIC DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER by Saliha Aarif 

Abstract

In today’s scenario the power quality has become one of the major requirements in the power system where electricity is concern. The power quality problems are generally produced by power  electronics equipment’s. This equipment’s may produce nonlinear loads. These can produce interruption in power system hence produce power quality problems. There are some problems that are associated with power quality. Some of the power quality problems are voltage sag, voltage swell, transients, harmonics, voltage spikes etc. Among this voltage sag is one of the major power quality problems. It has detrimental effect on the system operation. In this way there is a need to compensate it in order to avoid perturbation in the system. For this a Custom Power Device is used namely ‘Photovoltaic Dynamic Voltage Restorer’. This is most effective device used for the mitigation of voltage sag, voltage swell, harmonics etc. photovoltaic system used with dynamic voltage restorer can help for energy storage for battery system for further operation. It is non-conventional source of energy. So it is cheaper. A three phase source is connected with dynamic voltage restorer and photovoltaic system to have better results in the mitigation of voltage sag.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF FIXED RC BEAM USING A META-HEURISTIC TECHNIQUE by Vijay Kumar 

Abstract

In the present era of infrastructural and economic development, civil engineering structures play a very important role. Since the construction cost has sky rocketed in recent years, it becomes imperative for builders and clients to look for economical design that fulfils all safety parameters. To survive the competition, construction companies try to reduce the cost of structures as much as possible for which they need to reduce the cost of every structural element. This can be done by finding a possibility, among thousands of cases, that leads to minimum cost keeping the strength and other parameters satisfied. So, optimization becomes an essential requirement. There are various optimization techniques based on different criterion, which are being used by researchers. Each of these has certain advantages and limitations. There is no technique that can be considered an all-weather technique, because these techniques have been developed by the researchers considering a particular problem. The motivation behind present work was to check the suitability of one of the latest optimization techniques namely ‘Ray Optimization’ for the design of fixed reinforced concrete (RC) beam. This technique is based on ‘refraction phenomena’ of light. Since the phenomena under consideration is a physical one, it becomes easy to understand and use the technique. Exploration capabilities of this technique have also been found to be good. The law of refraction, known as Snell’s Law plays its role in defining the algorithm. The convergence of the process is dependent on the value ‘refractive index ratio’ that can be defined by the user as an input, and this parameter defines the rate of convergence to the global optimum solution. Other factors that affects the convergence are size of search space, number of local minima etc. In this research, a fixed RC beam is optimized using Ray Optimization for different cases of loadings and spans. Two algorithms, one for design of fixed RC beam and second for Ray Optimization have been written in MATLAB editor as functions. Both these programs are combined to work as a single entity for optimum beam design. Two variables namely effective depth of beam and width of beam are considered as variables for the optimization problem. Other parameters like grade of concrete, grade of steel, width of support, span and loading are taken as inputs from user, hence during the optimization process they are considered as constants. A number of designs considering different spans, grade of steel and concrete are generated using the algorithm to check their effect on overall cost of the beam. A number of optimum designs are studied and variation of cost is compared with the grades of concrete and steel, which indicates that higher grade of steel leads to reduced overall cost of the member. Percentage optimization also increased from 8 percent to 15 percent as span of the beam was increasing and

the results of the program was best when the refractive index ratio was kept between 0.4 to 0.7.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

Bearing Capacity Improvement of Sand using Geocell Reinforcement by Abhinandan Jaswal 

Abstract

There are various methods to increase the engineering properties of soil using different types of reinforcements. Over the last thirty years, the favourable effect of using reinforcements to increase the bearing capacity of sand is clearly shown by several investigators. In this study, the laboratory model tests are conducted on a strip footing resting on a sand bed which is reinforced with a geocell mattress. The purpose of present study is to determine the improvement in bearing capacity of soil by reinforcing it with geocell mattress. So the effect of various parameters such as height (h/B) and variation of depth (u/B) of the geocell mattress was investigated. The depth of geocell mattress is kept 0.5Β, 0.75Β, 1.0Β and 1.25B and it is observed that the gain in load carrying capacity starts reducing beyond 0.5B and the maximum increase of 388% is observed at a 0.5B depth of geocell layer. There is sufficient increase in the bearing carrying capacity by the using of geocells and the optimum depth of geocell layer was found to be 0.5B below the footing. It was also observed that the increase in height of geocells affects the load carrying capacity in a positive way. So, the geocell mattress can be used efficiently in geotechnical applications to enhance the strength characteristics of the sand bed.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CUTTING PARAMETERS TO MINIMIZE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN DRY TURNING OF AISI 4140 ALLOY STEEL by Avilash Sharma 

Abstract

Manufacturing processes consume huge amounts of energy and hence have significant impact on environment because most of electricity is still produced by burning fossil fuels which liberates carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Therefore, reduction of energy consumption of manufacturing processes can considerably reduce environmental or ecological impact of energy generation but also can benefits manufacturer economically. Machining is one of major manufacturing process, so it is important to optimize the energy consumption of machining while considering other parameters like surface finish and tool wear. So in this work Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been utilized to optimize and study the effect of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), surface finish and tool wear during dry turning of AISI 4140 alloy steel. And multi-objective optimization method of RSM was used to find optimum setting of cutting parameters which would simultaneously minimize SEC, tool wear and surface roughness. From the analysis of results it was found that minimum SEC was achieved at higher levels of all cutting parameters. Feed rate was found to be only significant parameter for surface finish. In case of tool wear, minimum tool wear was achieved at lower levels of cutting parameters. The most optimal solution for SEC, surface finish and tool wear were achieved at cutting speed equal 136.715 m/min, feed rate equal to 0.160 mm/rev and depth of cut equal to 1.168 mm

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

DEVELOPMENT OF ANN ENSEMBLE USING MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR HYBRID FRACTAL ANTENNA DESIGN by Sahajpal Singh 

Abstarct

Diversity and accuracy are the two critical requirements for an effective ANN ensemble. Since accuracy and diversity are conflicting with each other, therefore it is difficult to improve both objectives at same time; it means the creation of an ANN ensemble with accurate and diverse members leads to a multi-objective optimization problem. For addressing the conflicting nature of accuracy and diversity in ANN ensemble learning, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have been successfully developed to solve optimization problems having multiple conflicting objectives. In proposed thesis work, Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is used to address the tradeoff between diversity and accuracy. PSO is an efficient, simple, and population-based technique. Therefore, it can be naturally extended to deal with the multi-objective optimization problems. For a multi-objective optimizations problem, PSO can be modified in two ways. First, each objective function is treated separately, and second, all objective functions are evaluated for each particle. The mean square error (MSE) of individual ANNs is used as first objective function that describes the accuracy of ANN ensemble candidates; the correlation penalty function from Negative Correlation Learning is used as second objective for finding the diversity of ANN ensemble. Both objectives are minimized for optimizing the best values of accuracy and diversity for designing ANN ensemble. The optimized ANN ensemble is then used for finding the optimal dimensions of proposed hybrid fractal antenna. The proposed hybrid fractal antenna is designed by modifying the boundaries of the prefractal antenna by adding Koch curves at particular locations. The dimensions of the proposed antenna for resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz are optimized by using MOPSO based NNE, then for that optimized dimensions, the antenna is simulated and fabricated which shows its good matching between simulation and experimental results.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

COMPARISON OF NON-CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURAL PATTERNS FOR TALL BUILDINGS: DIA-GRID, HEXA-GRID AND TRIHEXAGONAL-GRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS by Sukhvir S. Gill

Abstract

The development of different structural systems has led to an improved status of high rise buildings. The commonly used lateral load-resisting systems are braced frames, rigid frames, with super columns containing a core, supported outriggers and different tubular structures. Among all systems, the Dia-Grid structural system has attracted the attention of designers for tall buildings, due to its tubular behavior and modifiability in architectural planning. In the Dia-Grid structural system, lateral loads are resisted by axial action of the inclined columns (diagonal) compared to bending of vertical columns in framed structure. Another innovative structural system, called ‘Hexa-Grid’, has been added to the tubular structural systems. This structural system is inspired by the ‘Beehive’. Several hexagons of height equal to story height in a unique way as in Beehive are arranged in this structural system. Hexa-Grid has enough potential of force redistribution to resist progressive collapse due to its special configuration. At last, Trihexagonal-Grid structural system is a combination of Dia-Grid and Hexa-Grid structural system. Not many structures have been done using Trihexagonal-Grid Structural System. In the present study, all these three structural systems have been compared to their structural behavior and costs. For this, a typical square floor plan of 30 m × 30 m was considered for each type of structural system. Each structural system consisted 40, 50 and 60 number of stories with a storey height equal to 3 m. Typical beam detail was considered for each type of structural systems. The vertical members located at four corners of both inner and outer tube were kept same for the three structural systems under consideration. The angle of inclination of diagonal structural members was taken as 67° in each type. The present study is based on the non-linear dynamic analysis carried out using ETABS Software. The structures were subjected to El Centro (1940) and Burma Border (1988) Earthquake ground motions, recorded in Southern California and 200 miles from Shillong India. The main step was that, which size of columns to be selected in the present study. For this, the size of columns for each type of structural systems was decided with the help of Auto-Optimization tool in ETABS Software. 10-15 number of different column sections which were used in previous studies were selected and grouped up to 20 stories. Then auto optimization tool gave the optimized section according to required load conditions. So, these optimized sections were used in the present work. At the end, it was found that the top storey displacement and storey drift was found the maximum in the Hexa-Grid structural system as compared to Dia-Grid and Trihexagonal-Grid structural systems. The cost of Hexa-Grid structural system was less than other two structural systems. It was concluded that Hexa-Grid structural system is giving us all requirements at a better economy. Though Dia-Grid, Hexa-Grid and Trihexagonal-Grid are also safe, stable and aesthetic as the steel consumption in them is more, it is comparatively expensive. 

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF MARBLE POWDER AND STEEL FIBERS ON HARDENED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE  by Gurjit Kaur 

Abstract

Sustainable improvement of cement and concrete industry need to be utilized the industrial and farming waste components. Cement is main ingredient in the production of concrete but cement produce large amount of carbon dioxide gas is noticed and released in environment during the production of cement that is also consequences for global warming and greenhouse effect. Marble powder is obtained from marble industries. Waste marble powder and steel fibers were utilized in this study to improve properties of concrete. This investigation was done to examine the mechanical strength and water absorption properties of waste marble powder and steel fibers utilized in concrete. Various properties of concrete involved are the compressive strength obtained from destructive and Non Destructive test, split tensile strength, flexural strength and water absorption. For experimental investigation six concrete mixes was prepared. In this work, M20 grade of concrete used for entire experimental work. OPC was partially substitute by marble powder at 10% and 15 % by weight of binder. With addition of steel fibers using length of 30mm, aspect ratio 60 and volume fraction 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% . The water/cement (w/c) proportion was varying from 0.43-0.45 in M.P and 0.5 in steel fibers reinforced concrete. To determine compressive strength with destructive and Non Destructive test, 36 cubes were taken of size 150mm length, 150mm breadth and 150mm height cast for testing at 7 and 28 days of curing. To determine splitting tensile strength 18 cylinders of size diameter 150mm and 300mm height were casted for testing at 28 days of curing. To determine flexural strength 18 beams of size length 500mm, breadth 100mm, and height 100mm were casted for testing 28 days of curing. The split tensile strength test was conducted on cylinders; compressive strength test was conducted on cubes and flexural test on beams. Then comparison between  mechanical properties of conventional concrete mix (cubes, cylinders and beams) with M.P (10% and 15%) and SFRC (0.5%-1%) +M.P (10%) was done. The water absorption decreases with the increasing percentages of steel fibers in concrete.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

Flexural Response of Double Cast Concrete Beam: Experimental Investigation by Aftab Mehmood 

Abstract

During past few decades, steel fibers reinforced concrete and fly ash has been increasingly used in structural engineering applications. Due to the steel fibers (SF) and fly ash (FA) additions there is significant increase in shear strength and flexural strength of beam. The cement consume high energy which emit a huge amount of greenhouse effect (100 kg of cement emits approximate 100 kg of CO2) so reduce these environmental problems use some quantity of fly ash replace with cement increase the specimen strength. That should be economical and safe environmentally. In this research work, the steel fiber were used below the neutral axis (NA) of beam and some quantity of fly ash replace with cement in the whole beam to find the flexural response of concrete beam. The four point loading test arrangement used to test the beam in flexural. To check the influence of beam size, the beam having the dimensions 200×250×750 without steel reinforcement are taken only steel fiber is added below the neutral axis to developing the flexural strength in absence of steel reinforcement. The cubes were casted (minimum 3 specimen) to check the compressive strength using steel fiber. Four different volume fraction contents ranging from (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) are used to test the cubes. but in beams, 15% of fly ash replace by weight of cement constantly used for all beams and steel fiber 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% is used in beams. the aspect ratio kept constant which is 80. The design mix used is M25 for all beams to check the flexural response of beams and compressive strength of cubes. The maximum compressive strength is at 1.5% of steel fiber with 15% fly ash that is 36.22N/mm2 and increased 16.42% when comparison with conventional concrete. Therefore the value of conventional cube is 31.11N/mm2. The maximum flexural strength was found 3.5 Mpa in beam having 1.5% of SF and 15% of FA and also increased 42.36 % when compared to the normal beam.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

CONDITION MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMER USING FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA) by Jaspreet Kaur

Abstract

This thesis presents condition monitoring of power transformer using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). The power transformer plays an important role in the efficiency and reliability of power transmission network. Power transformers are also the most expensive network equipment. Many faults occur in the power transformer, the affect of which can be from mild to severe. So, it is necessary to monitor the condition of power transformer using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) technique. FMEA is a procedure to identify and assess consequences or risk associated with potential failure modes. It assigns a numerical value (Risk Priority Number), which is determined by each risk factor’s occurrence (O), severity (S) and detection (D). The output of FMEA technique could be graphical charts, worksheet tables and matrices to sort the most critical components. Recommendation of remedial actions for each failure mode has been given to improve the availability and reliability of the power transformer.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

DESIGN OF MIMO ANTENNA FOR ISM BAND USING ANN ENSEMBLE by Kamaldeep Kaur 

Abstract

In this era of wireless communication, the antenna designers have been challenged to come up with compact size, high- performing, easy to fabricate antennas with increase in radiation efficiency to keep up with the day to day increasing demands. As the size of communication devices is reducing with the time, so the demand for compact size antennas are growing. Now days the latest trend is to reduce the size and increase the bandwidth of antenna. An ensemble hybrid algorithm is formed by using the artificial neural networks. If we use single ANN models that have some limitations such as the generalisation of the different networks is not unique and also the performance is not up to the mark when we deal with insufficient training data and complex data sets. In this work, new fractal antenna for MIMO application is proposed. For designing this fractal geometry we use Koch and Minkowski curves placed on the boundary of inverted U patch. The proposed antenna design is on RT-Duroid substrate having thickness 3.175 mm. Antenna is required to resonant for ISM Band i.e. 2.45GHz. The antenna is also checked and verified experimentally for the above substrate, the simulated and experimental results are in good harmony. The fabricated fractal antenna has good return loss value of -18.691dB which shows the signs of good antenna. The simulation of MIMO antenna is done by using IE3D software in which data set is calculated for different Length width and resonant frequency is calculated for both Simple and Fractal Geometry and then testing and training is done using ANN and for 2.45GHz frequency particular Length & Width through Ensemble is calculated and verified again using IE3D software. The MIMO antenna results for single and two element antenna are same i.e. the resonant frequencies comes to be same. The MIMO antenna is fabricated on the RT-Duroid substrate and same is verified experimentally with the help of Vector Network Analyzer. There is similarity between measurement and simulation results.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

Implementation of Multilevel Cluster Head Selection Algorithm with Enhanced Network Life Time

by Kirandeep Kaur 

Abstract

In recent years, wireless sensor networks because of their small size, minimum energy consumption, rugged and adaptive nature find a wide application in the field of wireless communication. In a WSN, sensors once placed have to adapt according to environment. These sensor nodes have limited energy as these are driven by battery source which is not rechargeable. The network lifetime of the wireless sensor network is limited due to this energy constraint. As the performance of the WSN is measured in terms of its network life time and consumption of energy, so there is need of algorithms which would tend to improve the lifetime of these networks. A solution to this problem is the use of clustering algorithms for WSNs. These clustering algorithms divide the whole network into number of clusters, each of these clusters has a cluster head. In this thesis, a new cluster head selection algorithm is introduced namely, “MULTILEVEL CLUSTER HEAD SELECTION ALGORITHM”. In this algorithm, selection of cluster head is done in three levels, first based on redundant nodes, second on the basis of energy and distance from sink and third on the basis of multilevel heterogeneous nature of sensor nodes and distance. The nodes are organised in the form of hexagonal grid which will ensures maximum network coverage with minimum nodes. This uses the selective data forwarding concept for data transmission from redundant nodes thus reducing the chances of data duplication and results in saving energy and enhancing network lifetime. A three level heterogeneous WSN is used in this algorithm for enhanced network life time. Using this algorithm, network lifetime is improved by factor of 24.03 %, while there is reduction in energy consumption by a factor of 24.921% and in packet collision by a factor of 40% as compared to existing algorithm.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

DESIGN OF MIMO ANTENNA FOR ISM BAND APPLICATION by Ramandeep Kaur 

Abstract

In recent years, increasing data transmission capacity and reducing multipath fading has attracted the

attention of researchers. With MIMO antenna system, it is being achieved by using spatial diversity and multiplexing techniques. In presented work, a new two element pentagon fractal MIMO antenna system is proposed. To design MIMO system, initially a new geometry of Pentagon Fractal Antenna is designed and explored using IE3D. Using the concept of Koch curve, pentagons of reduced dimensions are iterated and attached to the boundary of base geometry to construct a fractal boundary. The proposed antenna is designed on RT-Duroid substrate having thickness of 3.175 mm. Geometry of second iteration gives higher gain and good impedance matching than base and first iterated geometry. Then, two element system of second iteration pentagon fractal antenna is simulated for MIMO application to compare its output characteristics with single element antenna system. Then, to find the design parameters of proposed geometry for resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz, an ANN is developed using backpropagation algorithm. Using the values of design parameters, a two parallel placed pentagon fractal antenna system is designed for resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz using IE3D. Then, inter-element distance between two antennas is varied and its effect on mutual coupling is observed. To reduce the mutual coupling as well as inter-element distance between two elements, mutual orientation is varied at different angles and results are analysed. Two element pentagon fractal MIMO system having orthogonal orientation and inter-element distance of 10 mm gives isolation of 33.86 dB and ECC of 3.16 x 10-6 which are quite less than threshold values of 15 dB and 0.5 respectively. Another technique of isolation enhancement is also used by inserting parasitic element between two antennas. The prototype of two orthogonally placed pentagon fractal antenna system is fabricated and experimentally verified using Vector Network Analyser (VNA). Measured results show good matching with simulated results.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer science

MOBILE DEVICES ENABLED MAP INTERFACE FOR OBSTACLE FREE NAVIGATION by  Manjinder Kaur

Abstract

In the context when mobile product companies and their applications experiencing fast growth, this research work sets forth the idea that the standard of road network planning can be enhanced by applying an obstacle free navigation system. The reasons for the development of the application are: One is that the industrial revolution is encouraging everyone to grow faster in this era of technology. Thus to grow faster, we are now a days used to rush on the roads without much concentration. This weakness of moving in hurry while travelling on road is becoming a major reason of accidents on road. Thus with this mobile application,the navigators can easily check train availability before or while travelling. Another reason to use application is due to the drastic increase in the mobile applications usage, the GPS enabled routing services have become more popular. This research draws

upon various routing features like geocoding, reverse geocoding, directions as well as turn by turn instructions. Many applications like Google Maps, HERE, waze and MapQuest, etc are in boom these days with various services. Updation involves updating the navigator about each activity being happening on road in real time, to get rid from the loss on roads due to accidents, jams, strikes and natural calamities etc. These are some critical issues which one navigator should get aware these days. Thus, this paper is proposing a model for routing related issue that is obstacle free routing. Obstacles could be natural or man-made. Here, considered obstacle is railway tracks that comes under the path of any navigator. Dealing with obstacles on road is a challenging problem in mobile routing applications these days. The routing is one of the well-known network analysis techniques implemented in road management systems providing solution to this problem. Thus determining for obstacle free routing in mobile application environment. This functionality would be implemented here using OpenStreetMap road network. The proposed outcome will enhance ability to traverse in road network analysis. In this case, the considered obstacle is trains that comes under the user selected route which he wants to visit.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer science

Skeletal Bone Age Assessment using Neural Network by Anchal

Abstract 

Computers have been generally utilized as a part of the field of restorative research in the course of recent consicousness. One of the developing investigates in medicinal imaging is to appraise age of the consicousness or departed person. Skeleton age appraisal is a strategy for assessing the level of skeletal development in kids. By and large, it is connected physically by looking at a X-beam of a left hand, wrist with a standard specimens as map book in the medical system. The manual techniques are inclined to fluctuation of perception, tedious and restricted to target choices. These are huge inspirations for programmed strategy for skeleton age appraisal. This technique tries to beat the issues of directing BAA in manual strategies. Bone Age Evaluation (BAA) is specifically relative to Skeletal (Bone) development appraisal. AE is simply in view of the considering the distance and state of different skeletal, so radiographic pictures are must for live human. These radiographic therapeutic pictures must be very much prepared for better evaluation utilizing different Picture Handling Strategies. In this proposition work, a multiscale organizing component is utilized to upgrade the X-beam of a left hand-wrist utilizing round shape organizing component at various scales to remove brilliant and dim parts at all scales and its neighboring scales. The proposed calculation is utilized to remove the element in light of guideline part examination. It remove the special properties of the sifted picture. It creates two sorts of the component separating in surface structures i.e eigen vectors and eigen values. At that point they group the extricated include utilizing Back engendering Neural System. In BPNN calculation creates the two stages i.e preparing and testing stage, In preparing state we recognize the execution in light of ages, times and approval checks. Presently in next stage, we actualize the testing stage which is identify the age of the bone and after that  assess the execution parameters like false acknowledgment rate, false dismissal rate and exactness. Last, we

contrast the execution parameters and the current work

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer science

Outcome Based Predictive Analysis of Automated Question Paper using Data Mining by Simranjeet Kour Bindra 

Abstract

In recent years, data mining became very popular in providing useful application in diverse fields. Large amount of data elements are stored in the database. Various data mining algorithms are used to classify the data elements and perform different operations for finding best solution based on relational parameters. This research incorporates architecture for an automated question paper based on Revised Blooms taxonomy. The entire examination process is a vital component for direct assessment of an individual learning. So, preparing a complete test paper and the setting it according to instruction is relatively necessary. Currently, the convention technique of making question paper has been handbook. In current scenario the question paper generation is a manual approach leading to unproductive most of the time owing to bias, repetition and security concerns. The work proposed presents an automatic procedure of question paper generation capable of being modified, streamlined, synchronized and secured. Several tasks done by the proposed system are automatic leading to reduced storing space, bias and security issues. Earlier, the question paper was generated by academic teacher manually and was very time consuming, man power was required and sometimes the question paper lacked accuracy. Outcome Based Education (OBE) predicts the student ability to acquire concepts of a particular course, program and be able to apply the acquired knowledge in future. The information related to student learning was collected for question paper generation and assessment using OBE. This information can be used to predict student’s ability, advancements in education system, betterment in teaching method, future interest of student etc. Various data mining algorithms like oneR, ZeroR, J48, Naive Bayes, IBk are used for prediction of the Course Outcome. The research includes comparative study based on parameters like time, detection accuracy, classification error etc. for assessing the performance of the predictive model generated using classification algorithm.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer science

SEGMENTATION OF PELVIS TO DETECT THE OVARIAN CANCER USING NEURAL NETWORK by Beant Kaur

Abstract

The tumor is a standard term for a large set of diseases that can affect any portion of the body. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs, the latter process is referred to as metastasizing. Metastases are a key cause of death after cancer. Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer affecting women today. In fact, ovarian cancer is responsible for more deaths than any other type of female reproductive cancer. Ovarian cancer is a cancer that begins in the ovaries. The ovaries are female generative organs situated in the pelvis, approximately the size of an almond. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs travel through the Fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. The proposed system provides various view angles of image that used to detect the problems and calculate high accuracy rate. The proposed algorithm is used to feature extraction technique using SIFT algorithm. Any object there are many features, interesting points on the object, that can be extracted to provide a description of the object. This description can then be used when attempting to locate the object in an image containing many other objects. In genetic algorithm used to optimize the extracted feature with the help of the fitness function. In fitness function depends upon three parameters i.e, each feature, total features and classification error rate. The detection of the ovarian cancer and stages found using a convolution neural network. The accuracy is achieved with CNN classifier is 98.8% and with SVM is 85.01%. The performance parameters used are Sensitivity, Specificity and accuracy.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF ROLLER BURNISHING PROCESS ON GUNMETAL BUSH by Pooja Khanna 

Abstract

The burnishing process is a type of chip-less finishing process in which the metal surface is lastically

deformed by rubbing the hardened material ball or rollers against the workpiece material. Most of the work in the past has been performed on ball burnishing and single roller burnishing. The ball burnishing process comes along with the limitation of feed which leads to longer cycle times. In case of ball burnishing, work piece of longer length could not be burnished as it bends because of the point contact between ball and the work piece. Thus, in order to eliminate the flaws, an attempt has been made. To remove the limitations of previous works, multi roll burnishing tool has been developed to finish the inside of the Gunmetal cylindrical bush. Taguchi method is used to study the effect and contribution of the burnishing parameters such as speed (rpm), feed and number of passes. Trends of surface roughness revealed that maximum surface finish is obtained at low speed and intermediate level of passes. The feed comes out to be an insignificant parameter. Trends of surface hardness revealed that maximum hardness is obtained at maximum speed and maximum number of passes. The feed rate comes out to be insignificant in this case also. The contribution of parameters is found to be accurate at 95% confidence level. The optimization is carried out through confirmatory experiments.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

HDL IMPLEMENTATION AND ASIC DESIGN OF 4096-POINT RADIX-2 FFT IN 0.18μM CMOS TECHNOLOGY by Pulkit Jain 

Abstract

In Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm and its hardware implementation play a significant role. To implement FFT in hardware, fixed point arithmetic is preferred over floating point as it is simple to execute and also saves area and power. This thesis presents HDL implementation and ASIC design of 4096-point Radix-2 FFT using fixed-point arithmetic targeted for upcoming Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based upcoming communication and wireless and applications. The finite bit representation of signals and coefficients in fixed point result in quantization error which degrades FFT performance. This thesis presents a standard and a modified radix-2 DIT butterfly to evaluate quantization noise effects in terms of Signal to Quantization Noise Ratio (SQNR). The VHDL code has been designed and simulated using Questa-Sim and verified by designing MATLAB models. The synthesis and simulation results have been presented and compared with the standard version of the design followed by Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design in 0.18 μm CMOS Technology. The required frontend design has been carried out by using Synopsis-Design Compiler and backend design by using Synopsis– IC Compiler. Finally design of some major blocks of radix-4 architecture has been carried out.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

EARLY DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY USING EMPIRICAL TRANSFORMS AND SVM by Sumandeep Kaur 

Abstract

Diabetic Retinopathy is the name given to „disease of retina‟. This is the disease in which the blood vessels in light-sensitive tissue, known as retina, are affected due to diabetes. It comprises of various impacts on eyes such as swelling, leakage and blockage of the blood vessels in an eye. During the initial stages, patients remain unaware of this disease due to lack of easily detectable symptoms in them. But at the later stages, diabetic retinopathy may lead to visual impairment or even blindness.The objective of this work is for timely diagnosis and classification of diabetic retinopathy using curvelet transform and support vector machine is developed. Diabetic retinopathy is detected by discovering haemorrhages and exudates in the fundus images. Firstly, retinal images are enhanced using empirical transform. Canny edge detection is applies for extracting eyeball from retinal fundus image. Then morphological operations are applied for locating the imperfections in the images. At the end, images are classified into normal, proliferative or nonproliferative by using support vector machine. Both accuracy and sensitivity of the images is improved when compared with previous technique in which only k-means and fuzzy classifier is used. So, this approach could be employed for medical purposes. Hence, enhancement of images using curvelets helps to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of detection and classification. The number of exudates detected in present work is more than that of the process without enhancement. Also, the accuracy of detection system depends upon the peak signal to noise ratio in the image. If the value of the peak signal to noise ratio is less, number of exudates detected by noisy image are far less than when detected with the curvelet denoised images. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of system are calculated as 96.77%, 100% and 97.78% respectively.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

STABILIZATION OF CLAYEY SOIL WITH FLY ASH AND BONE POWDER by Jagwinder Singh 

Abstract

Stabilization has been defined as any process by which a soil material is improved and made more stable. If the soil is weak or loose than by the use of controlled compaction, proportioning and/or by the addition of suitable admixture or stabilizers the properties of soil changes. Stabilization come about into increase in the shear strength of a soil or potentially control of the shrinkage and swell properties of a soil. Stabilization is done by adding certain chemicals materials into the soil that alter the properties of soil. The bone powder and Fly ash is one of them. In the present study, work is done by adding the bone powder and fly ash into the soil. These have good pozzolanic property to bind the particles and to enhance the properties of the soil. In this study Compaction, CBR and UCS  parameters are determined. In first phase of study, just Fly Ash was utilized as a stabilizer with a rate of 15%, 20% and 25%. In second phase of study just Bone powder was utilized as a stabilizer with a rate of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%. In third stage combined effect of Fly ash and Bone powder was used. From the outcomes it can be concluded that with increase in the content of fly ash Dry density decreases and with addition of bone powder dry density increases. Whereas OMC increases with addition of fly ash and reduces with addition of bone powder. Dose of 20% fly ash and 7% bone powder is taken as ideal. Upto 20% fly ash and 7% bone powder the UCS and CBR value increases. The soil shows significant increase in the CBR value and UCS value with addition of these stabilizers. For unsoaked condition, the CBR value increases from 3.50 to 8.90 with addition of these stabilizers and UCS value after 14 days curing increases from 344.96 kN/m2 to 1226.96 kN/m2.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 5G NETWORK BASED ON BDMA AND MASSIVE - MIMO by Shweta Vij

Abstract

5th generation wireless systems, also abbreviated as 5G, is the next proposed telecommunications standards beyond present 4G standard. Main aim of 5G network is capacity enhancement with the deployment of large number of antennas (Massive MIMO) whereas LTE focuses on high speed rather than capacity. LTE- A is the advanced version of LTE with the advancement in its features as well. LTE-A supports bandwidth of 100 MHz to 6GHz, therefore below 6GHz, 5G network will operate on LTE-A network and above 6 GHz range 5G will offer large bandwidth with small coverage area due to path loss at high frequencies. This work presents capacity analysis with the help of BDMA and Massive MIMO techniques where outage probability considered is 10%, performance analysis of 5G networks on BDMA using different modulation techniques and reduction of interference using beamforming. It has been observed that BER decreases as SNR increases in case of all the modulation schemes used: BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 16PSK on BDMA in case of LTE-A and 5G and OFDMA in case of 4G. Results of simulation show that lower BER is achieved in case of BPSK. Also, capacity analysis proves that as the number of antennas is increased capacity of the system improves drastically. Beamforming technique used for interference reduction provides improvements in case of low number of antennas. Improvement of about 70% is achieved when BDMA is used in LTE-A networks with BPSK providing best results and capacity improvement of about 65% is obtained with the use of Massive MIMO technology and interference reduction of 60% achieved in case of lower number of antennas by using beamforming.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF 14nm FINFETS WITH DIFFERENT FIN SHAPES by Srishti 

Abstract

With the development in semiconductor industry, the size of FETs has scaled down from deep sub-micron to nanometer domain. But literature shows that beyond 22 nm, it is almost impossible to scale the dimensions of MOSFET with acceptable SCEs. As a solution, field effect transistors such as FinFETs have emerged as novel devices having superior controls over short channel effects than the conventional MOS transistor devices. It is also observed that fin shape has considerable impact on SCEs. In the view of above issues, this thesis explores FinFET devices at 14 nm technology. In this work, the FinFETs with different fin shapes have been designed using TCAD. Literature shows that the performance of FinFET is influenced by parameters like fin width, height, angle etc. So, to examine the clear effect of top fin width on performance of FinFET; the fin height & other parameters are kept constant. And optimum top fin width with higher drive current & lesser possible leakage current is achieved. Trapezoidal fin FinFETs with different dimensions of top fin width were designed and simulated. The impact of fin shape has been evaluated in terms of V-I characteristics, performance parameters like Ion, Ioff, Ion/Ioff and SCEs. The performance improvement was observed in terms of Ioff, Ion/Ioff, Subthreshold Swing, Drain Induced Barrier Lowering and power dissipation with the reduction in top fin width. But reduction in top fin width slightly degraded the performance in terms of Ion. To verify these simulation results, the FinFETs with similar trapezoidal fins were simulated at 20nm technology and compared with the available literature. This comparison depicted the improvement in the present work. Then using the artificial neural network training and particle swarm optimization algorithm, optimum top fin width was obtained. Further, the FinFET with achieved optimum top fin width was simulated on TCAD to check the accuracy of the results. The optimization results after ANN & PSO and TCAD simulation results of optimum top fin width are quite close with an error of 0.48%.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

IMPLEMENTATION OF A HYBRID OPTICAL FIBER-FSO LINK ON WDM SYSTEM FOR BIDIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION  by Divnoor Kaur 

Abstract

With the advent of the technology it has become quite easy to transmit and receive the information. Talking about the fiber optics, which offers numerous advantages like secure transmission, accommodation of large bandwidth (20 GHz), and high data rates (10 Gbps). Also, we know that a natural calamity or an emergency situation does not warn before coming. During such a situation it may happen that the optical fiber which is used for the transmission of the information gets damaged, which in turn will break the process of the communication. So, in order to address such a situation a technology known as free space optics (FSO) can be used as an alternative, with which the communication will not be hampered. FSO is a technology which uses light that propagates via atmosphere, to wirelessly transmit the data for telecommunications. FSO technology is simple and offers many advantages like easy installation, low power per transmitted bit, free spectrum license and the ability to transmit high data rates (up to 100 Gbps) over a distance of 1-4 Km. FSO includes a transmitter as well as a receiver in order to provide bidirectional communication. In this, an optical source and a lens is used to transmit the information via free space to the receiving lens for receiving the information. So, by combining the above two technologies that is fiber optics and free space optics, a system can be made which ensures seamless bidirectional communication even in the case of emergencies. The current work is carried out using OptisystemTM which demonstrates bidirectional communication on optical fiber (OF) and FSO system. Eight channels are used each for upstream as well as for downstream at 10 Gbps. To monitor the condition of the optical fiber, a WDM fiber-bragg grating (FBG) sensor is used, which is monitored by using a FBG detector, which includes a rectangular filter, power meter and an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). In case the optical fiber breaks, the transmission link will quickly be altered from Optical Fiber to FSO ensuring continuity in the communication. Afocal scheme has been implemented in the FSO path which has resulted in the increase of FSO transmission distance from 10 m to 30.15 m. System performance is measured in the terms of BER, Quality factor (Q-factor) and the eye-diagram. A considerable improvement in the terms of BER and eye-diagram has been obtained. The openness of the eye in the eye-diagram indicates a high quality signal transmission. For the signal propagation through the Optical Fiber path, BER of value 10-48 and Q-factor of 14.4589 has been obtained, while for the signal propagation through FSO, BER of value 10-73 and Q factor of value 18.0193 has been achieved. Also, by incorporating Dispersion Compensating Techniques, BER value has been improved from 10-18 to 10-48.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

BEHAVIOR OF SPECIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME AND NORMAL FRAME WITH OR WITHOUT MASONARY INFILL by Jaspreet Kaur 

Abstract

Comprehensive study has been led to access the security of existing masonry infilled frame under earthquake loading. The reinforced concrete frame is generally constructed with unreinforced infill or

reinforced infill. Although masonry infill walls are used in buildings very commonly but its influence is not considered in any code. IS 1893 considers the impact of infill just as far as normal time of vibration. But same equation is also used without infill. Thus effect of infill is not considered due to lack of sufficient information. In this research work investigation of masonry infilled frame and bare frames using FEM based ATENA 3D software. To study the means and methods of modeling of RC infilled frames and bare frames, a review of work is conducted. Micro modeling approach is used for modeling of infilled frames. In this study finite element analysis is done to conduct the behavior of RC frames . It showed that RC frame with ductile detailing gives more load carrying capacity than non-ductile frames. This approach of modeling is quite difficult and time consuming but this approach is best suitable to check the effect of masonry infill.