New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF CODE REVISION ON COST OF WATER TANK by Harkomal Kaur

Abstract

In present scenario structural designer are not using working stress method but limit state method is extensively used comparison to working stress method. Indian standard does not added limit state design for a very long time IS: 3370 for water tank, accepted limit state design after considering the cracking width check. In the new design provision the code has three design procedures for designing the concrete structure

which store water.

i) Working Stress Method.

ii) Limit State Design Method – Crack width check.

iii) Limit State Design Method – Deemed to satisfy.

The objectives of the present investigation were

1. Investigating, effect on materials used at component level due to revision of code.

2. Investigating, effect on cost at component level due to revision of code.

3. Proposing guidelines for designer, to obtain cost effective solution, based on IS: 3370 (2009).

In the investigation two types of tank were taken for a comparative study Circular tank, Intze tank. Circular tank is used for less capacity where as Intze tank is used for large capacity. The tanks are designed as elevated reservoir both tanks are designed by same dimensions and studied with following method.

1) Working stress method IS: 3370 (1965)

2) Working stress method IS: 3370 (2009)

3) Limit State Method of Design and checking cracking width by limit state of Serviceability IS: 3370 (2009)

4) Limit state design process by limiting steel stresses in accordance IS: 3370 (2009)

(Deemed to be satisfied) The tanks were designed by above method with different Mix design; steel used in the design is high yield strength deformed bars. All tanks were taken as 1000 m3 capacities with same dimensions for particular elements of tank, which helped to study the elements in depth and considering the change in the various parameters.

Following are the points observed in this study:-

1. Permissible stress in steel in tension according to working stress method IS: 3370 (1965) and (2009) the value of is 150 N/mm2 and 130 N/mm2 where as in limit state method IS: 3370 (2009) the value of is 130 N/mm2 . These changes the reinforcement quantity for both tanks considered in the study.

2. It has been seen that the area of reinforcement increases in intze tank and decreases in circular tank

because of less structural element. So the circular tank is considered to be the cost effecting water tank design then intze tank for the present calculated capacity.

3. The size of different member changed in the limit state design method IS: 3370 (2009) (crack width) and remained same for working stress method by IS: 3370 (1965) and IS: 3370 (2009). The requirement of area of steel increased in the working stress method IS: 3370 (2009) for intze type water tanks as the allowable stresses in steel were lower. In working stress method the stresses in members is calculated and taken from the working loads which increases the thickness and quantity of steel where as in the limit state design the load is taken from the design strength of the structure

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR DEVELOPEMENT OF HYBRID FEED STOCK FILAMENT OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING FROM RECYCLED NYLON-TiO2 (70-30%wt.) BLEND by Robin Thakur 

Abstract

Fused deposition modeling is one of the established RP processes having ability to produce functional parts with the complex geometrical designs. In the past 20 years lot of work has been carried out on the FDM process. But hitherto no work has been reported for the FDM process on the in house developed FDM filament on the recycled Nyoln-TiO2 (70-30%wt.) blend. In the present work an attempt has been made for controlling the process parameters of twin screw extruder for the in-house production of reinforced Nylon-TiO2 FDM filament. The present research work has been performed on recycled Nylon-TiO2 (70-30%wt.) blend (using twin screw extruder) by considering the three output parameters (temperature of the barrel, rpm of the screw and load applied to the extrusion process). Investigations were performed to check the influence of process parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties (like: tensile strength, Break strength, Peak load). The results are supported by photomicrographs

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BIOCOMPATIBLE FEEDSTOCK FILAMENT COMPRISING OF PVC, PP AND HAp FOR FDM by Nishant Rajan 

Abstract

Twin-screw extrusion (TSE) is one of the commercially established processes for reinforcement of metallic/non metallic/ ceramic fillers in polymer matrix. In this study, biocompatible feedstock filament has been prepared (in-house) for commercial fused deposition modelling (FDM) setup with biocompatible grade polymers, namely: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP) which is reinforced with the Hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this study, mechanical, thermal and metallurgical properties have been established and best-feed stock filament wire for development of partial/complete denture on the FDM with functionally graded surfaces properties have been recommended for future applications. The process parameters were optimized using Minitab software based on Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and results are supported by photomicrographs.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

INVESTIGATIONS FOR DEVELOMENT OF 3D SCAFFOLDS BY USING IN-HOUSE FDM FILAMENT COMPRISING OF PVC, PP and HAp by Ravinder Sharma 

Abstract

The fused deposition modelling (FDM) has emerged as one of the most widely used process for fabrication of 3D functional/non-functional prototypes. The process has been commercially used for various applications in the field of architectural, structural or biomedical engineering (with the aid of various commercially available polymeric materials like ABS, Nylon etc.). All these filaments are available in market ‘as patented material’ and thus add to high cost of the final product (especially, when one is interested in bio-compatible features of the polymeric materials). In this present research work an effort has been made to develop a bio-compatible FDM filament comprising of PVC, PP and HAp, which has been further used to fabricate 3D porous structures. The various input process parameters of FDM (like: infill percentage, layer thickness, and deposition speed) were selected and their effects have been studied with the help of design of experimentation. Further theses process parameters have been optimised for various mechanical, dimensional, surface and thermal properties using analysis of variance. The results of the study highlighted that the infill density and layer thickness have majorly contributed towards the tensile properties (peak load, break load, peak elongation, break elongation and yield stress), whereas infill percentage has major contribution on the surface roughness and hardness of the fabricated parts. The deposition speed has least effect on the mechanical and surface properties of the specimens. The dimensional accuracy has been majorly affected by the deposition speed of the FDM. The SEM microphotographs show that the FDM fabricated 3D structures are having open porous and fibrous structure and hence can be applied for bio-medical applications. Finally the thermal analysis (on DSC) ensures the thermal stability of the material for dental applications.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from cse

TEXT TO SPEECH CONVERSION FOR PUNJABI USING FORMANT SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUE by Ruhi Rani 

Abstract

This thesis work is done with the purpose of generating Punjabi sound. For this the formant synthesis

technique is used. The Punjabi text is given as input to the system. The provided text to the system is first analyzed and converted into the required form for generating the synthetic speech. For this, a phonetic tool PRAAT is used. The sound units for Punjabi are scripted with their various characteristics such as pitch, bandwidth and formant frequency. With the help of various rules the text that is provided to the system is converted in to the smallest unit that is letters. The scripts are written in PRAAT tool for these letters and then the code is written for the concatenation of these letters so that the final synthetic speech is generated. Thus the high quality speech is generated as an output of the system.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF CONFINEMENT USING GFRP WRAP ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE REPLACING COARSE AGGREGATES WITH BRICK BALLAST by Gagandeep Singh 

Abstract

Concrete of grade M25 was produced and the study on response of the concrete under compressive loading was done by partially replacing the coarse aggregate by brick ballast. The percentage by which the coarse aggregate were replaced by brick ballast was 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% (by weight). The strength properties of the concrete with brick ballast were then compared with conventional concrete samples. Compressive strength of concrete made by brick ballast surpassed the compressive strength of conventional concrete by 22%. Single and double GFRP wraps were used to confine the brick ballast concrete and comparison of compressive strength was studied with the conventional and brick ballast concrete (without wrap). Results showed that with the increase in confinement using wraps the brittle failure gets reduced thereby increasing the compressive strength. By using the brick ballast as replacement of coarse aggregate, concrete produced is lighter in weight in comparison to the conventional concrete, by 7% if 40% coarse aggregates are replaced by the brick bats. If concrete with the brick ballast is used practically than dead load will also get reduced, hence giving a more economical and sustainable solution to building industry

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Electrical

VOLTAGE PROFILE IMPROVEMENT AND POWER LOSS REDUCTION IN POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION by Mandeep Kaur 

Abstract : The power distribution systems are becoming bulky day by day due to the increase in electricity demand; therefore, it becomes necessary to maintain the power distribution systems so that they can meet the customer demand. Power losses are the major concern in the electrical power system. Uptill now, many techniques are available for the reduction of these losses but capacitors are considered as a simple and most powerful device. If capacitor is utilized in a wise way, we may obtain maximum benefits like voltage profile improvement, power loss reduction, the annual cost reduction due to losses and enhancement in the net annual savings. In this thesis work, an artificial intelligence technique known as Particle Swarm Optimization have been used for the allocation of capacitors. The most sensitive buses which can lead to maximum benefits are selected on the basis of their loss sensitivity factors and cost function. After the selection of these buses, capacitors are placed on them. These two methodologies are performed on the basis of an algorithm which consists of a sequence of steps and henceforth, it is tested on IEEE 39-bus system. The algorithm is implemented in the form of MATLAB coding which results into improved voltage profile and efficient loss reduction. Particle swarm optimization is an iterative method, hence it will goes through effective number of iterations in order to get the global best result.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Electronics

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF RADAR ABSORBING MATERIAL WITH THE HELP OF RESISTOR FSS by Ravinderjit Kaur

Abstract

RADAR absorption materials (RAMs) and coatings have been widely used in stealth technology since World War II. Stealth refers to the ability to evade from the detection from any kind of radar detection. Radar absorbing materials have found a significant importance in today’s stealthy technologies to make the combat aircrafts or drones electromagnetically invisible to the radar detectors. So a combat aircraft can be useful in the war field only if it is not detectable by sensors and moreover the capacity load it can hold to carry maximum armed forces and ammunitions. Therefore, numerous research works have been done to pursue a high-performance absorber to solve the electromagnetic pollution problem. Earlier different types of paints were used to coat the surfaces of the aircrafts, also known as black body paints. But paint not only used to make the aircraft heavier but would also incur unnecessary costs. With the advancement it has been invented that instead of painting the surface, the surface itself be made up of radar absorbing material. Various designs were also proposed in this regard but of hardly any use, as they also were not able to reduce detection to great extent. Then with further advancement it has been invented that the frequency selective surface embedded in the layers of radar absorbing material has better absorption than the normal ones. But

till now the proposed different geometric structures or the use of lumped elements in the material so far has one or the other limitation. So this work has been proposed to find the best trade off between the maximum absorption bandwidth and minimum material thickness with the use of particle swarm optimization and also compares the results of with and without lumped elements. The proposed comparison and results of optimization are in good agreement.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Industrial

IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN INDUSTRIES : A CASE STUDY) by Sushil Kumar 

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to reduce or eliminate the accidents during production processes in “Shivalik Bimetal Controls Limited”. Which was on higher side and wasting lot of money of the organization, In general observation it is noticed that the company has been facing so many issues in their production (like; accidents, absenteeism, low production rate, improper handling) due to the lack of proper safety measures. The study uses Root Cause Problem Solving (RCPS) technique and starts with the collection phase, followed by the analysis phase and ends with the solution phase. Supporting data are presented using a Pareto Chart to highlight accidents in order to be more focused for elimination or reduction. The Q.C. tool is performed to analyse the cause of accidents, to express and implement corrective actions. The application of the Q.C tools in a manufacturing industry (Shivalik Bimetal Controls Limited) provides a fact-based and organised approach to the problem identification. Corrective action had enhanced the production and reduced the accidents from 35% to 12.6% which was the 70% of the total accidents and it helped to increase the productivity of the organization. The study was also proved that industrial safety training with sound understanding of manufacturing coupled with possible solutions using safety management tools. This corrective action was not only able to reduce accidents, but also upgraded the product quality.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Civil

ANALYSIS OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL SOIL USING SPT DATA by Arveen Kaur 

Abstract

Liquefaction is the result of undrained failure of saturated, highly contractive (loose sand). When this phenomenon occurs, there are drastic changes to structures which results in loss of life and property. The factors which affect the liquefaction potential are relative density, depth of water table, grain size distribution of soil, confining pressure, peak pulsating stress, amplitude and frequency of shaking, distance from earthquake. The liquefaction hazards are commonly associated with saturated or silty sands having low plasticity and density. In the present study, the SPT data is collected from various resources majorly from Testing & Consultancy cell, Civil engineering department, GNDEC, Ludhiana. Out of the available sites, total 80 Sites borehole data was taken and was selected for further work. Then this selected data was analysed using Liqit Software and same data is calculated on spreadsheets by NCEER Youd et. al methods. Also, the comparison has been made on the basis of factor of safety from Liqit and spreadsheet values. The comparison was represented by graphs for each site. The major work of the thesis was to plot the liquefaction map on GRASS GIS software. The maps were generated depth wise on GRASS GIS software. This gives an edge over one single value of depth. Hence, consecutive depths were chosen to give a broad view of the work done. The detailed analysis of how to generate the Graph is also mentioned and given in Annexures. Basic overview of Liqit software is also given in annexure. This thesis will cover as much region as possible for each district in Punjab. Some sites data was discarded due to their very close proximity with other sites

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Industrial

APPLICATION OF VALUE ENGINEERING: A CASE STUDY OF COUPLER FOR BEDDED VALVES by Kulpreet Singh 

Abstract

It is becoming essential to develop new alternatives with lesser cost,but giving same or better performance in current competitive environment. Every industry strives hard to meet the requirements of customers and to reduce production cost. Value engineering is a scientific tool for improving value potential, reducing cost while meeting the functional utility. In present work Value Engineering Job Plan (VEJP) was used to reduce the qualitative cost of manufacturing of coupler. The study was carried out at Sir Valves, Jalandhar. The poor value areas were highlighted and worked upon. Changes in design were proposed leading to 4.18 per cent of savings.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

STUDY THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WIRE ELECTRODES ON MACHINING CHARACTERISTICS OF INCONEL825 WITH WEDM By Maninderpreet Singh

Abstract

Scientists across the world have developed many super alloys, which are of high strength and heat resistant for use in industries aerospace and defence. Ni-based alloys are resistive to degradation in oxidizing and eroding environment, have high strength even at high temperatures. Many high performance wires have been developed over the time to enhance the performance of WEDM machining process. The aim of our study was to investigate the еffеct of process parameters on the performance characteristics of WЕDM for Nickеl-basеd alloy material, with brass wire and diffusion annealed wire. The specimen was prepared and preliminary еxpеrimеnts were conducted, to identify the machining parameters and decide the ranges and levels of each machining parameter. Then main experiment was conducted by machining the specimens using different wire еlеctrodеs and record the machining performances. Detailed еxpеrimеntation was based on Taguchi design of еxpеrimеnts to analyse the impact on various responses by machining parameters. The results of the experimentation were analysed using SEM and ANOVA analysis to show the significant variations in response parameters with different wire electrodes. The experimental results revealed that wire wear and cutting rate are maximum with diffusion annealed. The surface roughness produced by plain brass

wire is higher than the surface roughness produced by diffusion annealed wire

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

ANALYTICAL MODELING OF INPUT ENERGY CONSUMPTION,SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MATERIAL REMOVAL RATE IN BALL END MILLING OPERATION by Aashish Dhiman

Abstract

Ball end milling operation is commonly used for producing flat and contoured surfaces of manufacturing dies and moulds etc. due to its high quality and productivity nature. It is very sensitive

manufacturing operation because of complex tool geometry and involvement of large number of process parameters. The energy consumption, surface quality and Material Removal Rate (MRR) play a vital role for any manufacturing process to be sustainable. The present work presents an analytical approach to predict energy consumption, surface roughness and MRR during ball end milling operation. The modeling procedure begins with analytical prediction of uncut and cut chip geometry followed by the evaluation of the associated angles and further determination of the cutting forces. These cutting forces, cutting speed and milling time were used to calculate the energy consumption during the operation. In analytical model of surface roughness, the cusp height was calculated from topography of the surface produced by the ball end mill tool geometry which was further used to calculate the theoretical average surface roughness (��). The analytical models of MRR were developed from geometry and the impressions left by the ball end mill on the work surface. Experiments were performed using 6 mm diameter ball end mill on CNC Vertical Milling Center on EN8 material work piece for different speeds (1000, 1500, 2000 RPM), different feed rates (400, 600, 800 mm/min) and different depth of cuts (0.10, 0.15, 0.25 mm) to validate the proposed analytical models. The radial depth of cut was kept 1 mm during all experiments. The proposed analytical model of energy consumption shows comparatively higher error than the error found by calculating energy consumption based upon cutting forces model available in literature (Sonawane and Joshi, 2010) for EN8 material whereas it shows comparatively less error for Inconel 718 material. An error of 94.044 % to 122.793 % and -52.593 % to -28.705 % had been observed in predicting surface roughness and MRR respectively by the proposed analytical models. The results predicted by the proposed analytical models of surface roughness and MRR matches exactly with the expected results of surface roughness and MRR presented in Table 1 in the research paper by Quintana et al. (2010) but the final equations for these models by them not give satisfactory results. The effect of the various machining variables on the different input and output parameters predicted by the proposed models comes out to be of the same trend as observed in the literature.