New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Environmental]

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF CONSTRUCTED HYBRID WETLANDS by Simranjit Singh

Abstract

The demand of water is increasing, with rise in population. To tackle it, the government agencies are taking various steps to recycle wastewater and put this treated wastewater into various uses. Constructed wetlands or man-made wetlands are one of the leading wastewater treatment systems. It is very sustainable, cost effective and simple. In present study, the kitchen wastewater and domestic wastewater is treated in four different variants of hybrid wetlands (combination of vertical beds and horizontal beds as subsurface type flow constructed wetlands) and the removal efficiency of wastewater characteristics i.e. BOD, COD, TSS, Total nitrogen (nitrates, ammoniacal and organic nitrogen) and Total Phosphorus were compared with these different variants and a previous study in which single VFCW is used to treat same wastewater in same conditions using same plant. The detention period was 3hrs for hybrid systems. Phragmitesaustraliswas used as vegetation on both cells of hybrid system. Study period was February to April (25˚C to 44˚C), 10% of water is lost through evapotranspiration at 3hours HRT whereas it is almost 39% in case of 24hour HRT. The testing in hybrid system was conducted in vertical to horizontal flow type system, connected in series

and vice versa, in which the substrate in horizontal bed was local alluvial soil in first phase and sand in second phase of study. The vertical units were provided with aeration pipe of 2.5cm diameter from top to bottom of the bed and the upper layer is of local alluvial soil whereas in previous study of VFCW, no aeration pipe is provided and the upper sub substrate is of fine clay. Out of the four designs of hybrid setup, the system with horizontal to vertical flow type that too with sand bed as substrate in horizontal, gives maximum efficiency for all the parameters except for total phosphorus. For TP the efficiency for all the systems more or less remains same. All the hybrid systems as well as single VFCW are very effective in stabilizing the pH of wastewater in the range of 7.45-7.57.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Geo-technical]

BEHAVIOUR OF STRIP FOOTING RESTING ON SAND BED REINFORCED WITH 3D INSERTS by Prince Karandeep Singh 

Abstract

Attempts are being made worldwide to investigate various measures to reclaim land not found suitable for the engineering applications. One such area is strengthening of land by inserting reinforcement as geogrids, Geocells, fibers, steel bars etc. in this direction, a series of laboratory plate load tests were conducted on model strip footing resting on sand reinforced with 2D, single sided and double sided 3D reinforcement. The load carrying capacity, settlement, depth of reinforcement layer and effect of variation of height of vertical members of single sided and double sided 3D reinforcements were investigated. Load settlement behavior of soil reinforced with 2D strips, horizontal strips attached with vertical strips on upper side and , 2D strips attached with vertical strips on upper and lower side were studied at a different depth were observed, where B is width of footing. An increase of about 111% in load carrying capacity was observed when 2D strips are placed. If horizontal strips with 1cm high vertical strips on upper side are placed at the same depth a increase of 230% was observed. If the height of vertical strips was increased to 2cm, the increase of 270% in load carrying capacity was observed but a decrease trends was found if height of vertical strips was further increase to 3cm. A vertical strip on lower side was also introduced with 2cm vertical strips on upper side as a 3D reinforcement and found maximum load carrying capacity was achieved when the height of vertical strips are 2mm at both side. As the double sided vertical strips attached with horizontal not only increases the confinement of soil but also increases passive resistance of soil against the shearing as compared to conventional geosynthetics.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Geo-technical]

STABILISATION OF YELLOW SOIL BY ADDING SAWDUST ASH AND LIME by Amreen Farooq

Abstract

As we know that the soil is a peculiar material. Some waste materials like pond ash, rice husk ash can

be used to make a soil stable. Addition of such materials has a great impact on both physical as well as chemical properties of the soil. By adding such admixtures some of the properties like CBR value, liquidity index , plasticity index , standard proctor test can be improved by adding this. As we know large amount of sawdust ash and lime has been produced all over world. The main aim of this paper was to study about stabilization of clayey soil by using lime and sawdust ash. In this study the soil which was used taken from the local area of Rajouri J&K. The soil was clayey in nature. Moreover, sawdust ash and lime was used as a admixture in this. Firstly the lime was added in soil at a proportion of 5% , 10%, 15% and after that a combination of lime and sawdust was added in it to check the variations in different tests like UCS , Standard Proctor Test and CBR test. After that curing of samples was done. For UCS curing was done for 3 days but for CBR curing was done for 7 days. As we know that the disposal of sawdust ash in an open areas causes many environmental problems so it should not be dumped openly as it is not eco-friendly. The proper utilization of ash in geotechnical applications gives a good solution. From the experimental study it was concluded that sawdust ash act as a good stabilizing agent for both base and sub base course. Moreover, its improvement can also be improved by combining it with other materials to provide a better result for future.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIE CHANGE SCHEDULE IN A FORGING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY by Mohkam Singh 

Abstract

Hot Forging is a metal forming process which is applied to a wide variety of high strength automotive

components. To satisfy demand of high production rate at lower cost, it is very important to consider the life of dies. In general, the possible causes of die failure in metal forming include cracks, plastic deformation and wear.A preliminary survey of forging industries revealed that dies experience everal problems during embossing and stamping processes like surface cracks and changes in dimensional unstability etc. On an average the production need to be stopped 2-3 times in typical day. In this study, the die dismantling cycle and methods to increase die life in upset forging has been done in a local industry. The hot forging operation was carried out at a work-piece temperature of 1100°C and die temperature of 200°C for a batch of rear axle shaft on a 1200 ton horizontal upsetter. The work-piece and die materials were AISI 1038 mild steel and AISI DB 6 die steel, respectively. After changing the die material i.e.H13 die steel and implementing the graphite with water lubrication, the die life increases 50% and the production rate increases 15%. The die dismantling cycle also reduces

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

A REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING INTERNET OF THINGS by Manpreet Singh 

Abstract

Electrical network must be monitored in order to acquire the measurands viz; voltage (V), current (A), power factor (ɵ), power (VA) and energy consumption (kWh). In the present energy scenario it is

pertinent to improve the system efficiency in order to minimize power wastage. Remote monitoring and control system based on IoT has been successfully implemented to achieve the above mentioned objective. The system comprises of Remote Terminal Units (RTU) which are connected to the main server that communicate with it over Ethernet cables using TCP/IP protocol. Atmega328p microcontroller acts as the brain of Remote Terminal Units which are programmed using the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Voltage, current, humidity and temperature sensors are interfaced with microcontroller. Electrical loads are connected to the microcontroller via electromechanical relays. ENC 28j60 is used to connect the atmega328 microcontroller with internet that enables the microcontroller to send data over internet. Hardware is designed using the open source software Dip Trace and it is finally fabricated. A desktop computer with Linux operating system acts as a server that acquires and stores the data in the form of *.csv file. This data is visualized in the form of graphs and it can be subjected to statistical analysis. Server software is developed using the Object Oriented approach of Python language. It consists of several parts viz; Graphic User Interface (GUI), networking system, speech synthesis and data storage system. All these parts run in parallel using multi-threading approach. Graphic User Interface of software is created using the Tkinter library. Python sockets are used to handle the networking and to communicate with the remote terminal units. The data between server and clients is transferred using the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Speech is synthesized using the festival framework. Threading module of language manages all the tasks in parallel and they are well synchronized with each other. Data is stored with time stamp which is obtained from the time module. The whole prototype has been set up in the microcontroller and PLC lab in Department of Electrical Engineering and has been successfully tested.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV SHEDS FOR GNDEC CAMPUS IN PARKING AREA

by Simranpreet Singh 

Abstract

The advancement of moderate, unlimited and clean sun based energy is having long term benefits. It is expanding the energy security of nations, decreases pollution and helps to reduce the global warming. Solar energy is being increasingly used in India for production of electricity. India more so north India has abundant sunshine all year round. This power can be used to meet the ever increasing demand of electricity. This thesis describes the design and analysis of photovoltaic plant aiming to cover the parking area of Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab with PV panels, which will provide electrical energy for the institution and also sun shade for the cars thereby saving on energy costs and contributing to green energy.An area of 150x68 (approx. 10200) square feet is selected to design the solar PV shed in parking. Placement of solar PV modules is designed in the AutoCAD software and these panels are mounted on the poles. These poles are organized in rows and columns. Each row contains 6 poles and total 11 rows are designed. Elodra Ultima Silver series panels are used having the dimensions of 5.5x3.25 feet which are manufactured by Vikram Solar Company. Capacity of each panel is 250 Wp and total 400 panels are used in this design which makes the total capacity of 100kWp. Three inverters, one of 60kVA and two of 20kVA each are used to convert the DC power to AC power. System works in ongrid mode and surplus energy is supplied to utility using Net-metering. Total capital cost and payback period is calculated

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

POLY-GENERATION SOLUTION FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION: A CASE STUDY OF VILLAGE DHEEYA, RAJASTHAN by Azadwinder Singh 

Abstract

Electricity access plays a vital role for the socio-economic progress of rural areas. Safe drinking water and clean cooking energy are the basic necessities of daily life. The integrated supply of both could have a great positive impact on living standard of inhabitants of rural regions. In this context, present work study will elaborate the feasibility and potential effects of poly-generation system that provides access to clean energy, electricity and safe drinking water to rural village in India. Based on the case study, this thesis examines the load assessment of village and resource potential for electricity generation and cooking. Whereas, the electricity is also used to purify water from Reverse Osmosis system. As per available resources, the system of biogas generator and solar PV has been designed by using techno-economic optimization from HOMER software. The study also estimates the willingness as well as ability to pay for services in order to have a positive impact of poly-generation system on rural inhabitants. The project has potential to completely satisfy the electricity demand of village and initially it has capability to supply cooking gas to 62% of the households. The levelized cost of electricity obtained by HOMER for system is 0.193$/kWh which is about four times costlier than the consumers pay for electricity obtained from grid. Yet, the system has potential to provide additional services like clean cooking fuel and safe drinking water along with electricity access to the villages which are not feasible for grid extension due to topography of the region. The system with quality and reliable services provide benefits to villagers in terms of education, health, safety, income generation, comfort and entertainment.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE AND STEEL FIBRES ON CORROSION OF REBARS IN R.C.C by Kuldip Singh

Abstract

Corrosion of steel is the fundamental reason of decline of RCC structures in presenttime. When the RCC structures fails due to corrosion of rebars then unity of structures also under a danger. Due to the corrosion of the steel rebar, the structures fails and causes a loss of property and money also. Therefore corrosion of reinforcement steel is dangerous and required a study to minimize the corrosion of the steel reinforcement. In this this work PPF and SF were utilize to safe the steel rebars against the corrosion. The use of polypropylene fibres in the concrete mix improves moment capacity and ductility of the tested concrete beams. The result for the steel fibre also showed an improvement in moment capacity. The research work consists of investing the influence of the SF and PPF on corrosion of rebars in R.C.C. In this research (100 × 100 × 400) mm beams were cast having bottom steel bars of 8 mm dia for a corrosion process. In this research (100 × 100 × 500) mm beams were cast to check the flexural strength of PPFRC and SFRC beams and (150 × 150 × 150) mm size cubes were cast to check the compressive strength of PPFRC and SFRC cubes. For the study, monofilament

polypropylene fibres and hooked end steel fibres were used. In this research work 8 concrete mixes were prepared using a SF and PPF. From the research concluded that corrosion of rebars decreases with the addition of fibre content because the fibre provides discontinuity to the path of harmful agents in the concrete. From the research it has been observed that S1mix samples show best performance in compressive strength, SP2 mix in the flexural strength and P1 mix in corrosion resistance

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MRR FOR AISI 304 STAINLESS STEEL ON CNC LATHE by Amritpal Singh 

Abstract

Turning is the basic operation in machining process which is used in manufacturing industries and is very essential to optimize the various input cutting parameters affecting turning process for the optimal results. The turning process is influenced by many factors such as spindle speed, feed, depth of cut, insert radius etc. In order to control the output parameters that are MRR and Surface roughness, it is very necessary to control these input parameters. Taguchi design of method is very efficient for the optimization of these output parameters in turning process. The main objective of our work is to obtain an optimal setting of input parameters in turning to reduce the surface roughness and increase the material removal rate. The cutting speed, Feed rate, depth of cut and insert radius are considered as input parameters which are directly affects the surface roughness and material removal rate of the work material. Stainless steel AISI 304 is used as a work piece which is machined by TiCN-Al2O3 mixed ceramic insert. The results concluded that cutting speed has a most influence factor which affects the Surface roughness. Surface roughness is reduced with high cutting speed, low feed, low depth of cut and high nose radius. The high cutting speed 1000 RPM, larger nose radius 1.2 mm with low feed rate 0.10 mm /rev and low depth of cut 0.50 mm would reduce the surface roughness, Ra. The material removal rate is influenced by all input parameters i.e. MRR is increases with increasing insert radius, cutting speed, feed and depth of cut.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI ROLL BURNISHING TOOL FOR THE SURFACE FINISHING OF ALUMINUM 7075 CYLINDER LINERS by Jeevesh Sharma 

Abstract

The burnishing process is a chipless finishing process in which the metal surface is plastically deformed. Most of the work in the past is done on the ball burnishing and single roller burnishing. The ball burnishing process has a disadvantage of limited feed which leads to longer cycle times and in the workpiece of longer length, the load applied is limited in both the cases of ball burnishing and roller burnishing as it could bend the workpiece. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a tool which removes the limitations of previous works. Multi roll burnishing tool has been developed to finish the inside of the Aluminum 7075-cylinder liner surface. Taguchi method is used to study the effect and contribution of the burnishing parameters such as speed (rpm), feed and number of passes. Trend of surface roughness revealed that maximum surface finish is obtained at low speed and intermediate level of passes. The feed comes out to be an insignificant parameter. Trend of surface hardness revealed that maximum hardness is obtained at minimum speed and maximum number of passes. The feed rate comes out to be insignificant in this case also. The contribution of parameters is found to be accurate at 95% confidence level.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIE CHANGE SCHEDULE IN A FORGING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY by Mohkam Singh 

Abstract

Hot Forging is a metal forming process which is applied to a wide variety of high strength automotive

components. To satisfy demand of high production rate at lower cost, it is very important to consider the life of dies. In general, the possible causes of die failure in metal forming include cracks, plastic deformation and wear.A preliminary survey of forging industries revealed that dies experience several problems during embossing and stamping processes like surface cracks and changes in dimensional unstability etc. On an average the production need to be stopped 2-3 times in typical day. In this study, the die dismantling cycle and methods to increase die life in upset forging has been done in a local industry. The hot forging operation was carried out at a work-piece temperature of 1100°C and die temperature of 200°C for a batch of rear axle shaft on a 1200 ton horizontal upsetter. The work-piece and die materials were AISI 1038 mild steel and AISI DB 6 die steel, respectively. After changing the die material i.e.H13 die steel and implementing the graphite with water lubrication, the die life increases 50% and the production rate increases 15%. The die dismantling cycle also reduces 

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF HYBRID FRAME STRUCTURES FOR VARIOUS SEISMIC ZONES

by Sameer Ahmed 

Abstract

After the incident and lesson learnt from Bhuj earthquake it shows the importance of civil structure engineering. During structure analysis the response spectrum method is used to get the seismic response of the structure. The analysis approach is done by STAAD pro. for G+12 storied building having seismic response of different hybrid frame structures are considered for seismic Zones II to Zone V by using response spectrum method to find out the nodal displacements and also determine the cost percentage of the structure. The comparative cases of hybrid structure are classified as, Case 1: RC Frame Structure, Case 2: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall Systems, Case 3: RC Frame Structure with Braces, Case 4: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall Systems and with X- Concrete and X- Steel bracing, Case 5: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall Systems and with outer frame of Steel Bracing, having individual case studies for seismic Zone II to Zone V. The comparative results of RC Frame Structure of Case 5: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall at centre and corner and with outer frame of I-section bracing is determined as best hybrid structure which resist the lateral forces with minimum node displacement i.e. 52.628 mm at Zone V. In individual case study the best type of hybrid technique is also analyze from seismic zone to resist the lateral forces, the shear wall at centre and corner of the structure with outer frame of I-section bracing with the node displacement of Zone II = 14.618 mm, Zone III = 23.390 mm, Zone IV = 35.085mm, Zone V= 52.628 mm and displacement decrease in percentage with respect to reinforced concrete frame for seismic Zone II to Zone V are 91.50%, 91.50%, 91.72% and 91.56%. From cost effectiveness Reinforced Concrete shear wall at center and corner of the structure with outer frame of cross I section bracing is best hybrid structure. Therefore hybrid structure and its technique are the future necessity to get the high performance results in seismic vulnerability. Keywords: Earthquake, Seismic response, Hybrid structure, Hybrid techniques, Shear wall, Bracing, Seismic Zones, Nodal displacement, Reinforced concrete frame

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

COMPARISON OF LOCATIONAL MARGINAL PRICING WITH TWO PART TARIFF STRUCTURE FOR AN INDIAN UTILITY by Harleen Kaur

Abstract

To extract the benefits of the smart grid concepts like demand response and demand side management, it is essential to implement an efficient and reliable dynamic tariff structure in the electrical power system. The two part tariff structure is the sum of fixed cost and variable cost. In almost all the regions of India two part tariff structure is implemented due to its advantages like it encourages the customers not to over announce their demands, provides a balanced approach for the recovery of cost due to the fixed cost paid. On the other hand locational marginal pricing comprises of energy, losses and the transmission line overloading cost. In US locational marginal pricing method is used because of its merits like in this method price depends upon location, as the location distance increases the price increases and vice versa. This research work proposes an approach for comparison of Locational Marginal Pricing with Two Part Tariff pricing structure under Indian utility system. The proposed problem has been solved by running AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) in MATPOWER. From this LMP values are obtained and hence with the help of fixed and variable costs the results are obtained. The proposed comparison is carried out on Indian utility 62-bus system in the form of three cases that is without line loading, with line loading and with line loading considering energy conservation. In case of without line loading as these is no congestion both the methods that is locational marginal pricing and two part tariff shows almost same results. In case of with line loading there comes difference in results of both methods due to the presence of congestion. While in case of line loading considering energy conservation the payment in locational marginal pricing method comes out to be less in comparison to two part tariff pricing structure. The proposed research work shows present two part tariff method should be improved to include the effect of locational marginal pricing method.