New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

OPTIMIZATION OF SOME ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WELD QUALITY RESPONSE PARAMETERS IN GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING by Simranjit Singh 

Abstarct

Welding is most commonly adopted process for fabrication in the manufacturing industries and it is highly energy intensive in nature. During welding, there is considerable amount of energy losses which reduce the energy efficiency of the welding process. Most of the research has been focused on the parameters for weld quality but very less attention has been paid on energy consumption parameters related to welding. In the present research study, optimization of three energy consumption response parameters viz. power factor (PF), active power consumption (APC), active energy consumption (AEC) and three weld quality response parameters viz. tensile strength, bending strength, hardness has been carried out for gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) of stainless steel 304. L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi method has been used for the design of experiments and analysis for the optimization by ANOVA at 95% confidence level. Three welding input parameters have been selected for the study which are welding current, gas flow rate and travel speed. Experimental conditions for optimum PF (0.58 Leading) have been found to be at 95 amps welding current, 5 lpm gas flow rate and 25 cm/min travel speed. Combination values for welding input parameters for optimum APC (1588.54W) are found to be welding current at 85 amps, gas flow rate at 10 lpm and travel speed at 21.17 cm/min. For optimum AEC (27.04Wh), values for welding input parameters are found to be welding current at 85 amps, gas flow rate at 10 lpm and travel speed at 25 cm/min. Optimum tensile strength (846.66MPa) has been found to be at welding input parameters of 95 amps welding current, 7 lpm gas flow rate and 13.84 cm/min travel speed. For optimum bending strength (57.75kgf), values for welding input parameters are found to be welding current at 90 amps, gas flow rate at 5 lpm and travel speed at 13.84 cm/min. Optimum value of hardness (277Hv) has been found to be at the welding input parameters of 85 amps welding current, 5 lpm gas flow rate and 25 cm/min travel speed. Taguchi analysis reveals that welding current is the most critical welding input parameter for PF, APC and hardness. Travel speed is found to be the most critical parameter for AEC, tensile strength and bending strength. Travel speed is found to be the significant factor for AEC. It has been found that there is 5.45% increase in PF from lowest value of PF which is a good improvement to tackle with the penalties in the electricity bills. There is 17.75% reduction in APC from highest value of APC by adopting values of welding input parameters for optimum APC. Validated experimental values of optimum APC and optimum bending strength are 5.70% and 2.18% higher than the predicted values respectively, but experimental value of optimum hardness is 0.63% lower than the predicted value. The effect of welding input parameters on tensile strength and

hardness are found to be similar as in the literature.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

OPTIMIZATION OF SOME ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND WELD QUALITY RESPONSE PARAMETERS IN GAS METAL ARC WELDING by Taranvir S. Saini 

Abstract

In manufacturing industries, welding process is the most energy intensive due to large amount of energy losses associated with it and is commonly used for fabrication work. Very few researchers have explored the energy consumption parameters in case of welding processes, although these parameters are very important to make this process sustainable. The optimization of three energy consumption viz. power factor (PF), active power consumption (APC), and active energy consumption (AEC) and three weld quality response parameters (tensile strength, bending load and hardness) of Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) have been performed in the present research work. The welding voltage, travel speed and gas flow rate are selected as welding input parameters. The Taguchi based design of experiments has been generated by using L9 orthogonal array. Experiments have been conducted on SAE1020 mild steel work pieces and the most influencing parameters have been found using ANOVA. For optimum PF (0.73), the welding input parameters are found to be welding voltage of 30 volts, gas flow rate of 15 lpm and travel speed of 19.05cm/min. For optimum APC (2872.45W), the welding input parameters are found to be welding voltage of 30 volts, gas flow rate of 10 lpm and travel speed of 16.03cm/min. For optimum AEC (53.90Wh) and hardness (247.05Hv), the welding input parameters are found to be welding voltage of 30 volts, gas flow rate of 10 lpm and travel speed of 25.39cm/min and all three welding input parameters are significant for AEC. For optimum tensile strength (672MPa), the welding input parameters are found to be welding voltage of 35 volts, gas flow rate of 12 lpm and travel speed of 16.03 cm/min. For optimum bending load (984kgf), the welding input parameters are found to be welding voltage of 35 volts, gas flow rate of 10 lpm, travel speed of 16.03 cm/min and all three welding input parameters are significant. Welding voltage has been found to be most contributing welding input parameter for all response parameters. Validation result of optimum PF, AEC and bending load shows that experimental value of PF, AEC and bending load are lower than the predicted value of PF, AEC and bending load by 2.66%, 6.60% and 2.08% respectively, but validated optimum experimental value of hardness is 0.43 % higher than the predicted optimum value of hardness.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer science

A ROBUST PASSIVE METHOD FOR DETECTION OF COPY-MOVE FORGERY IN IMAGES

by Geetika Gupta 

Abstrct

Today’s technological world is characterized by the presence of digital images that are vastly spreading all over the world and various image editing tools are available that have made very easy for a common user to create a digital forgery. Images are used as legal evidence in many fields and if these images are corrupted, then it will generate a crucial issue. A copy-move forgery is performed in images either for cloning, or concealing some object. In both situations, an image lost its integrity and hence detecting this type of forgery has becomes very challenging problem as the replicated zone arrives from the same source image. The primary objective is to develop a mechanism that will verify the credibility of an image and discover the duplicated areas in it. This research work proposes a passive procedure in which no information about the original image is involved. Firstly, the grayscale image is split into overlapping blocks and then hybrid (principal component analysis and histogram of oriented gradients) techniques are used for extracting the features. At last, the feature vectors are sorted lexicographically and replicated areas are matched. To compare the performance, an exact match method and proposed method was implemented. The proposed method reduces the false matches or discontinuities that have occurred in exact match method by using a preset offset threshold value. The qualitative inspection shows that the proposed method gives the best results and is more resilient under two different attacks (salt and pepper noise and filtering attack) as compared to exact match method. Moreover, the quantitative analysis shows that the proposed method gives the better results in terms of three different metrics, namely, precision, recall and accuracy. It achieves 86.96% precision, 80% recall and 84% accuracy as compared to exact match method.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

STRENGTH AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE USING COPPER SLAG AND SILICA FUME by Maninderjeet Singh 

Abstract

Presently world is seeing the advancement of extremely difficult and challenging structures, cement and fine aggregate as utmost essential which generally castoff basic substantial which own good quality. As in the conventional concrete cement which is a water based binder used to hold all other building material together, on the other hand fine aggregate used to occupy most of the volume present in concrete. Both the ingredients emits approximately equal amount of natural resources. In this manner to conquer the above harmful impacts, need to replace these materials with the newer one having same properties and should be economical. The inclusion of pozzolanic material with the OPC a century old practice is a substitute to these material in the construction monopoly. Additionally over the most recent couple of decades, there dated an increasing worldwide problem of deterioration of reinforced structures, brought about fundamentally by the degeneration of steel reinforcement embedded within the structure. There are a few factors which kept in mind to minimize the corrosion procedure in various type of inservice structures such as good concrete quality, surface conditions, and other indirect factors. The purpose of the research is to present the study on strength along with corrosion resistance of concrete employing copper slag (CS) and silica fume (SF). The objective of our study was to resolve the Compressive strength, split tensile strength and the corrosion resistance of concrete using Accelerated corrosion test with impressed voltage (ACTIV). The outcome displays that the adoption of CS and SF produces concrete with superior results than the conventional concrete at different substitution level of CS and SF with the fine aggregate as well as the cement. Furthermore the chloride convinced corrosion resistance of concrete measured with ACTIV technique is highly improved with combined use CS and SF respectively. Therefore the corrosion inhibition of concrete with both the pozzolans is higher than the normal concrete. From this we can concluded that the use of CS and SF is effective in exaggerate the chloride induced corrosion

of concrete.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

IMPACT OF IS: 1893-2014 (PART-II) ON DESIGN OF CIRCULAR OHSR by Lovedeep Singh 

Abstract

Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum products and other similar liquids. The structural analysis and design process of the reservoirs or tank, is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are designed as crack free structures to eliminate any leakage and consecutive damages caused by rusting and loss of ductility. This research work presents a comparative design of circular overhead water tank analyzed by the manual procedure and that by software using Staad pro v8i. The effect of hydrodynamic pressure is also considered in the seismic analysis of elevated water tank as per new codal provisions. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of recent revised Indian Standard IS: 1893-2014 (Part-II) on elevated tank. To meet the objectives, the manual OHSR design and six number of models are used for different type of loading of water pressure on tank in staad pro v8i. In the end, variations obtained is based on maximum stresses, area of steel and area of concrete for each structural component of OHSR.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE RADIO WITH FREQUENCY UPDATING ALGORITHM ON SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO PLATFORM by Jaskaran S. Phull 

Abstract

The field of wireless communication is ever growing and over the last 6 decades, the wireless standards have revolutionized the field of communication. Wireless communication is being used in all communication standards. For some of the advanced standards, the performance depends upon high gain. And for achieving high gain, the spectrum bandwidth is necessary. But day by day bandwidth scarcity is becoming a major concern for the upcoming wireless technologies. For this various techniques based on artificial intelligence has been designed. The basic intelligent radio called as cognitive radio has been designed which works on the basic principle of spectrum sensing and detecting the free frequency for transmission of secondary user which is basically unlicensed user. Conventionally, sincere efforts have been made to develop the algorithms or techniques for designing of the cognitive radio on MATLAB platform and also on other software’s intend for radio designing. In this work, an efficient technique has been developed to design cognitive radio based on SDR platform. On this platform, GNU Radio Companion has been used as the software part for signal processing and Universal Software Radio Peripheral is used for real time signal transmissions for designing of cognitive radio. The spectrum sensing energy threshold detection technique is used for this. In this work , a carrier frequency updating algorithm has been added to assess the performance of the proposed technique. This algorithm updates the frequency of secondary user in Linux terminal window. This makes the radio more reliable and efficient. Further the effect of noise on the secondary transmitter and spectrum sensor is also analysed using the SDR approach. The increased noise levels in the environment leads to frequency updating of secondary user even in absence of primary user. It is observed from the analysis that for every 10dB rise in Gaussian Noise, the bit error rate of secondary transmitter and spectrum sensor cause increment of 19.59% and 29.39% respectively. It is found that spectrum sensor is more easily prone to noise and the Gaussian noise causes the degradation of the system performance. It is further noted that the spectrum sensor should be programmed carefully to avoid the effect of Gaussian noise. From the above analysis, it is observed that best range of spectrum sensor under Gaussian noise is 0 to 0.1 dB to obtain minimum bit error rate. In future more work can be done using high range USRP as well as IP (Internet Protocol) based USRP which will make our radio more smarter and efficient. Even interfacing the GNU radio with MATLAB can prove better results without using the Python coding.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYER REINFORCED POND ASH SLOPE

by Harleen Kaur 

Abstract

Coal ash is a waste product that is generated when coal is burnt in the thermal power plants. This coal ash is of further many types of which one is pond ash which is present as slurry in the ash ponds. According to the latest available data, 251.69 million tons of coal is used for generation of electricity which led to generation of 86.45 million tons of coal ash. Around 80% is fly ash (which is being utilized by civil engineers) and 20% is bottom ash. Now the task is to utilize this 20% to maintain the environment. In the present study, numerical analysis is carried out in which pond ash is been employed as a fill substance in the embankment slope. The bearing capacity is scrutinized by constructing a rigid footing (plain- strain) on the slope. The main rationale of this research is to scrutinize some prominent parameters which effect the behavior of a strip footing laid on a pond ash slope by the endosure of multiple layers of reinforcement (geo-grid and geojute), to have a better understanding about the fortification (reinforcement) system, and to suggest an appropriate geometry of reinforcement placement. The geo-grid reinforcement used is SGi 040 and geo-jute reinforcement used is DW TWILL. The physical properties of both the reinforcements were taken from the existing literature. To understand this ground improvement method, numerical investigation was conducted using a mercantile finite element software PLAXIS 2D version 8.0 to calculate the bearing capacity using geo-grid and geo-jute. The comparisons are made using two non dimensional parameters i.e. settlement ratio and bearing capacity ratio (BCR). The benefit of using these types of software’s is that they can be effortlessly used to examine geometric models which have not been examined in the laboratory yet. The number of multiple layers used are 1, 2, 3, 4 and embedment ratios used for modeling are 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 with De/B as 1, 2.3. The obtained results depicts that the load-bearing capacity is increased with increasing number of reinforced layers and De/B ratio. With increasing z/B ratio, bearing capacity is seen to decrease significantly. The ultimate bearing capacity comes out to be maximum when N=4. The percentage increase in the bearing capacity while using geo-grid as compared to geo-jute is about 18% approximately. The results of geo-grid and geo-jute are quite comparable, so the later can also be used depending on the requirement of load carrying capacity.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from computer science

AUGMENTED REALITY FRAMEWORK FOR MAPPING AND ASSESSING COMPLETENESS OF OSM DATA by Kamalpreet Kaur

Abstract

Evolution with Web 2.0, GPS and developments in ubiquitous computing unveil the enormous potential in location based augmented reality applications. The mapping process for Open-StreetMap is carried out by web based editors like iD, JOSM or Potlatch and the contributors use these editors to make any contributions to this enormous VGI project. Mobility is not a part of this scenario as it should be in this era. Various studies have also shown ambiguities in the database occurring due to amateur contributors and have led to lower quality of data. There are so many unmapped areas in the world and more contributions to OSM will support growth of projects that make use of OSM data. Providing an augmented reality mobile tool can be very handy to increase both the contributor base as well as the feature completeness of OSM map data. This research work presents a mobile augmented reality tool in which contributors can capture data in real time and add it on OSM via the mobile application itself. The design of this framework has been kept minimal and easy for amateur users to follow through. The user has to hold the device when the values of azimuth and distance in the text overlays of camera preview stabilize. When editing, user has to select a marker from the fetched POIs. Out of three data elements, nodes, ways and relations, only nodes can be added and edited currently. A form to add and edit description of the captured node fetches tags from the Taginfo API, reducing the dilemma an amateur can confront while deciding which tags are suitable for the new node. OSM editing API has been used to upload new nodes and the edited ones as well. The contribution of the user can be seen under his profile at the OSM website. Analysis has also been done to ensure improvement in feature completeness of the study area. Overall this work satisfies the “on the ground rule” which states that mapping of the world should be done as it can be observed by someone physically there. Real time mapping experience has been accomplished in this work.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CODED OFDM FOR DIFFERENT CHANNEL MODELS ON SDR PLATFORM  by Ashish Thakur

Abstract

With the tremendous growth in the demand for high-speed reliable wireless communication systems

worldwide, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique holds the promise for

achieving the spectral efficiency and high data capacity requirements for the upcoming wireless standards of the near future. It has other advantages such as its ability to reduce the inter symbol interference (ISI) and to handle the severe channel conditions. It is being widely used for recent wireless communication systems like 5G mobile communication, satellite communication and LTE systems. Coding of OFDM using Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes such as convolution coding helps in the transmission of source code in such a manner that the error probability minimizes over the crowded noisy channel by systematic addition of redundant bits. It reduces the bit error rate, hence improvement in reception. Convolution coding has ability for real time error correction. Along with it, Software Defined Radio platform being recently introduced has provided solutions to implement multiple standards on same platform without any alterations in hardware because it provides the entire signal processing functions at the software. It has provided with flexible, low cost and reliable solutions and also it has ability to incorporate artificial intelligence and to support future devices. Till now, FEC coding of OFDM has been implemented on SDR platform, but the impact of FEC on OFDM performance over both AWGN and fading (Rayleigh and Rician) channels in term of Bit Error Probability has not been studied. So the simulation of Coded OFDM on SDR and its performance under different channel models has been analyzed in this work. In this work via GRC simulations, it has been analyzed that the Coded OFDM has outperformed uncoded OFDM under all the considered channel models. The Coded OFDM with FFT length of 1024 with QAM 256 modulated data has outperformed uncoded OFDM by 6.57% and for Rician and Rayleigh channel, it has improved performance by 3.46% and 6.24% respectively. The systems based on Coded OFDM has better data rates, spectral efficiency and requires lower transmission power as compared to the Uncoded OFDM based systems under the considered channel models.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF INTZE OHSR by Raj Kamal

Abstract

INTZE OHSR are very essential part of human life in any town locality. These are used to store water for various purposes like drinking and Irrigation. This study is mainly focused in understanding the Linear and Non-linear analysis of INTZE OHSR and their result are based on Codal system and verified with American Codes for the non-linear analysis and Indian IS codes for the linear analysis. This research presents modelling and dynamic analysis of overhead water tank achieved by using SAP2000 software of latest version 19. Further, non-linear static analysis has been accomplished to get the maximum hydrodynamic pressure characteristics of the water tank for varying circular tank wall heights, for a given capacity of water tank (Unoccupied and Occupied water level situations). In this study INTZE Circular overhead tank has been chosen as a main structure and analyzed for linear & non-linear analysis. For the geometrical nonlinear analyses P-delta and Pushover analysis outcomes are also equated with both codes Indian standards and American Standards. The material non-linear analysis material has been differentiated on the basis of codal provision and all these variation discussed in detail. To accomplish the objectives, linear and nonlinear analysis is used to get the variation between maximum hydrodynamic pressure including impulsive & convective forces. In the end variation concluded based on maximum pressure, displacement, moment and base reaction of INZE OHSR. .

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

CONGESTION MANAGEMENT IN DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM USING MARKET SPLITTING BASED APPROACH by Manish Harchand 

Abstract

Congestion management in deregulated power system is a major issue which hinders the fair competition among various players. Congestion in deregulated power system occurs mainly due to the insufficient capacity of transmission lines, which is unable to accommodate all the desired power transactions. This research work proposes market splitting based approach for congestion management. The objective of this research work is to minimize the generation cost of generation companies subject to various constraints such as power balance equality constraint and generator operating limit, line flow limit and bus voltage limit inequality constraints. The proposed problem has been solved for base case without congestion and then with including the effect of congestion. In base case, as the location marginal prices (LMPs) are same everywhere, hence the market can be cleared at single price. In case of congestion, different zones are used for market splitting. Within a particular zone, a single LMP is obtained by taking average of all the LMPs at different locations of one zone. The zone with highest LMP can be used for placement of DG which further helps for congestion management. The proposed problem has solved with DC Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) in MATLAB environment. The results obtained after DCOPF are used to obtain state of the power system and actual line flows with the aid of MIPOWER software. The simulation results are obtained for modified IEEE 14 bus system. The proposed approach has the advantage that it can be applied in Indian market scenarios for congestion management

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF LIME AND LEAF ASH ON GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF RED MUD by Pawandeep Kaur 

Abstract

Red mud is a waste material which is produced from National Aluminium Company Limited Red mud produced approximately 76 million tons every year. Disposal and storage of large quantity of red mud is a serious problem which occurs all across the world. Leaf ash which is also a waste material produced globally, and the use of leaf ash in red mud is also an efficient way to dispose leaf ash. In this study, leaf ash and lime were used as an admixtures to improve the geotechnical properties of red mud. The red mud was taken from National Aluminium Company Limited ,Odisha, and leaf ash was locally collected. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of lime and leaf ash on geotechnical properties of red mud. To achieve the aim, various tests were conducted on red mud such as specific gravity, atterberg limit, standard proctor test, CBR test, UCS test. Leaf ash was added in proportion of 2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% where as lime was added in proportion of 5% to 15%. All CBR mould was placed in water for 4 days for soaking and then placed in moist environment for 3 days curing, then test were conducted, and UCS tests were also carried out on different proportions of leaf ash and lime added to the soil. Maximum UCS value increases by 118.8% when 10% lime with 8% leaf ash added to the soil and CBR value increases from 12.5% to 16.5 % with addition of 10 % lime and 8% leaf ash. Optimized value of lime was decided from the CBR test of red mud mixed with different proportion of lime.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

Design and Performance Optimization of Dual Gate Material and Dualk Gate Dielectric Heterojunction SOI FinFET by Samjot K. Aujla

Abstract

For the fulfillment of the projections of Moore’s Law, the dimensions of the transistors which are an indispensable part of the integrated circuits must be reduced. But as the technology moves beyond 22nm, short channel effects in the planar metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors became apparent which act as an impediment to the scaling. Fin shaped Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) has emerged as a ray of hope for the control of these adverse effects. Semiconductor industry has focused on these transistors and substantial thrust in the field of electronics research has been given on the refinement of the structure of these transistors. The work done in the dissertation, focus on the design of novel FinFET with Si/SiGe material for the channel forming heterojunction. Three heterojunction Silicon On Insulator (SOI) FinFET diversified by different materials for the gate and gate dielectric in stack configuration, have been compared with one another and with homojunction SOI FinFET. With this approach, the impact of varying the materials of prominent regions of the FinFET have been analyzed. Important performance parameters of the transistors have been compared. Bio-inspired approaches such as artificial neural network and genetic algorithm have been used to optimize the structure of dual gate material dual-k gate dielectric material heterojunction SOI FinFET. Performance parameters obtained after simulating the optimized structure are in close agreement with the performance parameters obtained with artificial neural network and genetic algorithm optimization.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

STABILISATION OF CLAYEY SOIL USING CALCIUM CARBIDE RESIDUE AND FLY ASH

by Maninder Singh

Abstract

The investigational study was done to improve the soil properties by using waste material, which is responsible for poisonous environment. Soil Stabilization is a general term for any chemical, physical, biological, or combined method of changing a natural soil to meet an engineering purpose. In the study, waste products like Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) a by-product of acetylene gas factories and Fly Ash produced from thermal plant were added in a week soil sample in varying ratios. The dose of FA was taken as 15%, 20% & 25% and Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) used was in ratio 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% & 9% by weight of soil. The study was carried out with a view to utilize waste material as construction of road embankment, earth slope or in filling of low lying area. The week soil may be utilized along with these materials as due to pozzolanic action, the strength of week soil is improved upto desirable load. The tests conducted on soil were Modified Proctor Test, CBR & UCS. Various concentrations of CCR (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% & 9%) along with different proportion of Fly Ash (15%, 20% and 25%) were added to soil to check compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS). CBR and UCS values increased with increase in dose of Fly Ash up to 20% and afterward it decreased. Therefore, optimum dose of FA was taken as 20%. CBR and UCS were further improved by blending CCR in a mix of soil and 20% FA. The CBR and UCS value increases by adding 20% Fly Ash and 7% Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) by weight of soil and was defined as an optimum dose.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

HEAVY METALS ANALYSIS IN WHEAT GRAINS FROM AGRICULTURAL SITES OF LUDHIANA by Navjot Kaur 

Abstract

Today heavy metal contamination is the main issue in the environmental pollution. Agricultural lands which have been contaminated with heavy metals are serious issue. Increasing industrialization and urbanization enhance the farmers to use such polluted land for food crop’s production. The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu) contamination in wheat grains from agricultural land near industrial (Industrial area C, Budhewal, Focal point) and non- industrial (Dehlon, Kaind, Ranguwal) areas in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Irrigation water, air and soil are considered to be the main routes to transfer the heavy metals in grains so these were also examined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Concentration of Pb and Cr in wheat grains was higher in both sites. Concentration of Pb and Cr in industrial sites was averagely exceeds the permissible limit by 39 times and 4 times and in non-industrial sites concentration of Pb and Cr was averagely exceeds the permissible limit by 38 times and 5 times respectively. Heavy metals (Pb and Cr) have been accumulated many times in wheat grains. Heavy metals in soil, irrigation water and air were well within the limits in all areas but in industrial areas concentration of metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) in irrigation water were slightly higher than the permissible limit set by WHO/FAO because industrial effluent affect the water quality. Hence, after considering the results this was concluded that soil, air and water not being responsible for such a heavy accumulation of metals in wheat grains.Hence excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides and over- year bioaccumulation in wheat tends to increase the concentration of metals in wheat grains as depicted by the survey in these areas. Daily intake of chromium was much higher than the permissible limit in all areas. In industrial and non –industrial sites averagely daily intake concentration of chromium exceeds the permissible limit by 6.5 times and 8 times respectively. From the results it was concluded that people are prone to face health problems through the consumption of wheat.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

IMPACT OF COPPER SLAG AND FLY ASH ON PROPERTIES OF INTERLOCKING PAVER BLOCK by Aviral Modgil 

Abstract

In modern era of infrastructure structural development the consumption of cement and sand has increased drastically. Across the world utilization of sand as a fine aggregate in concrete mixture is quite high which has in turn strained natural sand reservoirs in several developing nations whose infrastructural development is made very rapidly in recent years. And cement production produce CO2 and other greenhouse gases. The use of Copper slag and fly ash is aimed at reducing sand content and cement content respectively. Addition of copper slag results in increased durability, enhanced compressive, split tensile strength and abrasion resistance of concrete. By adding fly ash heat required for hydration is reduced resulting to better durability. Partial replacement of concrete by fly ash proportionally reduces the use of cement in paver blocks which further results in significant control of CO2 emission from cement industries and as well provides an effective utilization of fly ash which is a thermal power plant by-product. In order to resolve problems faced due to environmental and operational constraints against conventional construction techniques (by utilizing hot bituminous mixture or cement concrete mix) for construction of pavement, footpath and parking etc. ICBP were used. I-shape concrete blocks were casted and examined for compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, water absorption and for abrasion resistance. Concrete blocks were made of conventional concrete as well as copper slag admixed concrete. Results show that by addition of copper slag (25%) and fly ash (20%) compressive strength increased for all the grades of concrete. Split tensile strength and flexural strength also increased. Other quality of blocks also improved.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

STUDY OF COMBINED EFFECT OF GEOGRID AND WASTE PLASTIC STRIP REINFORCEMENT ON THE BEARING CAPACITY OF SAND by Alok Sharma 

Abstract

Improvement of bearing capacity of soil can be achieved by using different types of reinforcement such as geogrids, geocells and fibers of different material etc. In the recent years, experts have extensively used geosynthetic materials as reinforcement for improving the bearing capacity of soil. Fibers/Strips have high tensile strength hence acts as good reinforcement material and increases strength of the soil because shear stresses in soil mobilize tensile resistance in the fibers. So in this study an effort has been made to investigate the combined effect of geogrid and plastic strips from waste water bottles having aspect ratio 3 as reinforcing material in sand. The main emphasis of this study is to explore the utilization of waste plastic along with geogrid for strength improvement of cohesionless soil. Plastic waste being a non-biodegradable material poses serious threat for its eco-friendly disposal and its use for geotechnical purposes may be a suitable solution. During Load settlement tests optimum depth of first geogrid layer from the bottom of footing was decided and found to be at 0.5 B, where B is the width of footing and increase in bearing capacity was observed to be 100% as compared to unreinforced sand. The optimum location of second geogrid layer was found out at the depth 0.7B from the bottom of the first layer of geogrid and increase in bearing capacity was observed to be around 280%. Optimum content of plastic strip reinforcement (1%) was mixed in the sand and sandwiched between two geogrid layers and about 450 % increase in bearing capacity was observed. Load settlement behaviour of soil indicates substantial improvement with the use of

plastic strips sandwiched between geogrid layers.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EFFECT OF BAGASSE ASH AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE ON CBR AND SWELLING INDEX OF EXPANSIVE SOIL by Amir Suhail 

Abstract

Expansive soils are present throughout the world. The construction on expansive soil has always a big challenge to geotechnical engineer. Construction of buildings and other structures such as highways, dams etc on expansive soil is a very risky task due to high expansive behavior of such soils. Every year they cause damage of billions of dollars because of presence of montmorillonite mineral, that is highly unstable thus leading to shrinking and swelling of this type of soil that are able for captivating the water. They enlarge in volume when they come in contact with water. Behaviour of these types of soil causes the failure of structure in the form of fissures, settlements etc. To improve the stabilization of the expansive soils several types of additives have been evolved and are successfully being used for this purpose. One such additive that can be used for this purpose is calcium chloride(CaCl2) and baggase ash(B.A). Bagasse fibre is an agricultural waste remaining after the crushing of sugar cane for juice extraction. When bagasse fibre is burnt the ash produced is called bagasse ash(B.A). Bagasse ash(BA), contain a high percentage of silica (SiO2), which is investigated as a reasonable pozzolanic material having unreactive behaviour and has the ability to be used in the stabilization of road subgrade. The different percentages of bagasse ash used were 4%, 8% & 12%, whereas Calcium chloride was used at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2% resp. The available local soil was not expansive in nature and 20% bentonite powder was added in the soil to make it expansive. However, according to the observation, chemical additives (calcium chloride) exhibit superior performance over cementitious and non-cementitious (bagasse) additives in reducing the swelling characteristics (Gangadhara Reddy.N et al 2015). The laboratory tests performed were standard proctor test, CBR and Swelling index test. The results shows that the OMC increases but MDD decreases and CBR value increases upto 8% when bagasse ash used in the soil. The results also shows that when optimum value of bagasse ash and varying percentages of Calcium chloride, the OMC decreases but MDD increases and CBR value gradually increases. The maximum strength was obtained at 2% CaCl2 mixed with soil. However, the swelling index decreases with increase in the concentration of bagasse ash and calcium chloride

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from environmental

Removal of Heavy Metal (Zinc) from Electroplating Industry Waste Water by Adsorption Technique

by Mandeep S. Saini 

Abstract

Fastest growing industrialization has resulted in the discharge number of toxic pollutants into the effluent among which the major component is of heavy metals. All the heavy metals pose a considerable risk to human health. Zinc is one of the heavy metal which is used in various industries

like galvanizing, metallurgical, electroplating, mining, paints, pigments, pulp and paper and pharmaceuticals and is generally found in higher concentrations as per the current scenario in Ludhiana city. Ions of zinc metal get accumulated in the living organisms after consumed through food chain, causing several diseases and disorders like failure of kidney, effect on liver. There are some methods those are used to removal of heavy metals in the wastewater such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, ultra filtration and phyto-remediation. When metals are in high concentration then these methods are either expensive or inefficient for their removal . So this research work dealt with the adsorption technique using the natural coagulants- banana peels and mausambi peels which is an economical and environmental friendly technique for removing zinc metal from the industrial effluents. The research work involved studying the variation of removal efficiencies with pH variation (2-10 pH), contact time variation (1-5 hours) and optimum dosage variation (1-14 g/l) in order to optimize each of them for getting the maximum removal efficiency. The results showed that the highest percentage of removal obtained was at a pH of 6 in case of both banana peel and mausambi peels but the removal was higher in banana peel (50.90 %) as compared to mausambi (citrus limetta) peels (45.72%) at a same initial dose of 2g/litre of both the adsorbents. Further, the final values of contact time for banana peel and mausambi peel was observed to be 3 and 2 hours respectively. The results for adsorbent dosage showed that the highest removal that could be attained was 81.81% in case of banana peels at a dosage of 8 g/l which was higher as compared to 75.87 % in case of mausambi peels at an adsorbent dosage of 10 g/l. The analysis finally showed that the removal efficiency is a function of initial concentration of zinc present in the wastewater sample i.e more the concentration, lesser was the removal observed and also that the banana peels were observed to be a better adsorbent as the removal was at a higher rate.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from electronics

PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BASED OPTIMIZED CNR PENALTY OF RADIO OVER FIBER SYSTEM INCLUDING THE EFFECTS OF PHASE NOISE FROM LASER AND RF OSCILLATOR by Sarpreet Kaur

Abstract

Radio over fiber systems have been gaining popularity since the beginning of this century due to crowded frequency spectrum and demand for high data rates. It provides the benefits of both optical fiber technology and wireless techniques. Optical fiber systems provide higher data rates and very less attenuation whereas wireless technology has an edge over long distance transmissions. Nature based algorithms have become very famous to optimize certain values to achieve the desired results. However while focusing on the wired part there are some inherent deteriorating factors which does not let the system utilize its full potential. Especially during the electrical to optical conversion in the central office, phase noise processes play a dominant role leading to the deterioration of the signal. Phase noise is also knows as phase jitter. In a radio system it can severely damage the performance of the communication system making it very sensitive. Basically phase noise is a representation in the frequency domain which shows the sudden fluctuation in the frequency waveform of the signal. In radio over fiber system, phase noise processes are related to the line widths of laser diode and RF Oscillator used in signal generation process. The previous studies have analyzed the effect of line widths of both the components on the output of the system graphically. However, no concrete values were considered and the inputs were more of the random nature and the work is carried out on a single length of fiber. In this work, an efficient PSO algorithm has been applied to optimize CNR penalty of Radio over Fiber system including the effects of phase noise from laser and RF oscillator within predefined ranges of 100 to 624 MHz and 0.1 to 10 Hz respectively. The changes in the optimization function are observed along with the fiber length of 2 Km, 10 Km and 30 Km. Particle swarm optimization provides an optimum platform to get specific values of line width of RF oscillator to be around 0.1 Hz and that of laser diode around 620 MHz giving a minimized error and an efficient RoF system. The proposed algorithm provided the optimized value of 0.1001107 Hz, 0.1002415 Hz and 0.1002619 Hz for RF linewidth and the values of linewidth of laser (571.2951 MHz, 421.1735 MHz and 410.7692 MHz) for 2 Km, 10 Km and 30 Km respectively. It has been observed that carrier to noise ratio penalty responds very sensitively to a minor change in line width of radio frequency oscillator whereas the change in line width of laser diode produces a meager penalty on the output of the system. It is further observed that a small change in RF line width leads to high phase noise and changes in laser line causes a minimum effect on the same output. Radio over fiber technology opens a wide arena for various possible, probable and preferable technologies. It has a vast potential and the work for its enhancement has already started. It can be further used in satellite communications, fiber to home systems, eco friendly technology and other millimeter wave regime systems. The proposed work can be further extended to uncrowd the spectrum by making it less susceptible to noise floors and focusing more on the component enhancement even a minor degradation can be worked out.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

FINE FINISHING OF BALLS WITH BIODEGRADABLE MEDIA by Gourav Sharma

Abstract

Fine finished balls whether metallic or non-metallic have many applications mainly in moving mechanical parts, for making toys, jewellery, computer hardware, watches, etc. These balls are generally manufactured by using conventional lapping process. In this study the fine finishing of balls

has been explored by modifying an existing setup used for lapping of balls. An alternative media comprising of aloe vera and silicon carbide powder was used in place of conventional oil based media. The improved setup gave encouraging results for finishing of mild steel balls. A variety of input factors like finishing time, spring force, rotational speed of spindle, abrasive quantity have been used and their effect on intensity of finishing of balls, material removal and roundness for a given set of balls has been studied. It was found that for a given set of balls the maximum percentage improvement in surface finish achieved was 82.3%, material removal rate was 7.56 and the roundness was improved from 31μm to 9.05μm.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Geo-technical]

STABILISATION OF CLAYEY SOIL USING GRAPHENE OXIDE AND FLY ASH by Avtar Singh 

Abstract

Soil plays an important role in civil engineering. Properties of soil vary according to type of soil. If soil is unfit for the purpose of construction, structures constructed on itshow earlier trouble and ultimately collapse. Construction on clayey soil is difficult as this type of soil shrink & swell with differing water percentage.Generally, clayey soil has low strength and in addition to it high dampness weakness. Terrible soil subgrade can make different issues for the asphalt and structures, in this manner an appropriate adjustment system is needed. In modern world, different types of chemicals are used for stabilisation process. After studying properties of Graphene Oxide (G.O), it was concluded that G.O exhibits a proper nature for stabilization process. Main aim of this research is to evaluate performance of graphene oxide in stabilizing the soil to an optimum level. In this research, Fly Ash is also used along with G.O. According to ISCS, soil used is categorised as clayey soil with intermediate compressibility (CI). Various concentrations of G.O (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% & 1.0%) along with different proportions of fly ash (15%, 20% & 25%) were added to the soil to check compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio & Unconfined Compression strength. Results showed that with an increase in G.O concentration CBR and UCS values of soil also increases.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Environmental]

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF CONSTRUCTED HYBRID WETLANDS by Simranjit Singh

Abstract

The demand of water is increasing, with rise in population. To tackle it, the government agencies are taking various steps to recycle wastewater and put this treated wastewater into various uses. Constructed wetlands or man-made wetlands are one of the leading wastewater treatment systems. It is very sustainable, cost effective and simple. In present study, the kitchen wastewater and domestic wastewater is treated in four different variants of hybrid wetlands (combination of vertical beds and horizontal beds as subsurface type flow constructed wetlands) and the removal efficiency of wastewater characteristics i.e. BOD, COD, TSS, Total nitrogen (nitrates, ammoniacal and organic nitrogen) and Total Phosphorus were compared with these different variants and a previous study in which single VFCW is used to treat same wastewater in same conditions using same plant. The detention period was 3hrs for hybrid systems. Phragmitesaustraliswas used as vegetation on both cells of hybrid system. Study period was February to April (25˚C to 44˚C), 10% of water is lost through evapotranspiration at 3hours HRT whereas it is almost 39% in case of 24hour HRT. The testing in hybrid system was conducted in vertical to horizontal flow type system, connected in series

and vice versa, in which the substrate in horizontal bed was local alluvial soil in first phase and sand in second phase of study. The vertical units were provided with aeration pipe of 2.5cm diameter from top to bottom of the bed and the upper layer is of local alluvial soil whereas in previous study of VFCW, no aeration pipe is provided and the upper sub substrate is of fine clay. Out of the four designs of hybrid setup, the system with horizontal to vertical flow type that too with sand bed as substrate in horizontal, gives maximum efficiency for all the parameters except for total phosphorus. For TP the efficiency for all the systems more or less remains same. All the hybrid systems as well as single VFCW are very effective in stabilizing the pH of wastewater in the range of 7.45-7.57.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Geo-technical]

BEHAVIOUR OF STRIP FOOTING RESTING ON SAND BED REINFORCED WITH 3D INSERTS by Prince Karandeep Singh 

Abstract

Attempts are being made worldwide to investigate various measures to reclaim land not found suitable for the engineering applications. One such area is strengthening of land by inserting reinforcement as geogrids, Geocells, fibers, steel bars etc. in this direction, a series of laboratory plate load tests were conducted on model strip footing resting on sand reinforced with 2D, single sided and double sided 3D reinforcement. The load carrying capacity, settlement, depth of reinforcement layer and effect of variation of height of vertical members of single sided and double sided 3D reinforcements were investigated. Load settlement behavior of soil reinforced with 2D strips, horizontal strips attached with vertical strips on upper side and , 2D strips attached with vertical strips on upper and lower side were studied at a different depth were observed, where B is width of footing. An increase of about 111% in load carrying capacity was observed when 2D strips are placed. If horizontal strips with 1cm high vertical strips on upper side are placed at the same depth a increase of 230% was observed. If the height of vertical strips was increased to 2cm, the increase of 270% in load carrying capacity was observed but a decrease trends was found if height of vertical strips was further increase to 3cm. A vertical strip on lower side was also introduced with 2cm vertical strips on upper side as a 3D reinforcement and found maximum load carrying capacity was achieved when the height of vertical strips are 2mm at both side. As the double sided vertical strips attached with horizontal not only increases the confinement of soil but also increases passive resistance of soil against the shearing as compared to conventional geosynthetics.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil [Geo-technical]

STABILISATION OF YELLOW SOIL BY ADDING SAWDUST ASH AND LIME by Amreen Farooq

Abstract

As we know that the soil is a peculiar material. Some waste materials like pond ash, rice husk ash can

be used to make a soil stable. Addition of such materials has a great impact on both physical as well as chemical properties of the soil. By adding such admixtures some of the properties like CBR value, liquidity index , plasticity index , standard proctor test can be improved by adding this. As we know large amount of sawdust ash and lime has been produced all over world. The main aim of this paper was to study about stabilization of clayey soil by using lime and sawdust ash. In this study the soil which was used taken from the local area of Rajouri J&K. The soil was clayey in nature. Moreover, sawdust ash and lime was used as a admixture in this. Firstly the lime was added in soil at a proportion of 5% , 10%, 15% and after that a combination of lime and sawdust was added in it to check the variations in different tests like UCS , Standard Proctor Test and CBR test. After that curing of samples was done. For UCS curing was done for 3 days but for CBR curing was done for 7 days. As we know that the disposal of sawdust ash in an open areas causes many environmental problems so it should not be dumped openly as it is not eco-friendly. The proper utilization of ash in geotechnical applications gives a good solution. From the experimental study it was concluded that sawdust ash act as a good stabilizing agent for both base and sub base course. Moreover, its improvement can also be improved by combining it with other materials to provide a better result for future.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIE CHANGE SCHEDULE IN A FORGING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY by Mohkam Singh 

Abstract

Hot Forging is a metal forming process which is applied to a wide variety of high strength automotive

components. To satisfy demand of high production rate at lower cost, it is very important to consider the life of dies. In general, the possible causes of die failure in metal forming include cracks, plastic deformation and wear.A preliminary survey of forging industries revealed that dies experience everal problems during embossing and stamping processes like surface cracks and changes in dimensional unstability etc. On an average the production need to be stopped 2-3 times in typical day. In this study, the die dismantling cycle and methods to increase die life in upset forging has been done in a local industry. The hot forging operation was carried out at a work-piece temperature of 1100°C and die temperature of 200°C for a batch of rear axle shaft on a 1200 ton horizontal upsetter. The work-piece and die materials were AISI 1038 mild steel and AISI DB 6 die steel, respectively. After changing the die material i.e.H13 die steel and implementing the graphite with water lubrication, the die life increases 50% and the production rate increases 15%. The die dismantling cycle also reduces

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

A REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING INTERNET OF THINGS by Manpreet Singh 

Abstract

Electrical network must be monitored in order to acquire the measurands viz; voltage (V), current (A), power factor (ɵ), power (VA) and energy consumption (kWh). In the present energy scenario it is

pertinent to improve the system efficiency in order to minimize power wastage. Remote monitoring and control system based on IoT has been successfully implemented to achieve the above mentioned objective. The system comprises of Remote Terminal Units (RTU) which are connected to the main server that communicate with it over Ethernet cables using TCP/IP protocol. Atmega328p microcontroller acts as the brain of Remote Terminal Units which are programmed using the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Voltage, current, humidity and temperature sensors are interfaced with microcontroller. Electrical loads are connected to the microcontroller via electromechanical relays. ENC 28j60 is used to connect the atmega328 microcontroller with internet that enables the microcontroller to send data over internet. Hardware is designed using the open source software Dip Trace and it is finally fabricated. A desktop computer with Linux operating system acts as a server that acquires and stores the data in the form of *.csv file. This data is visualized in the form of graphs and it can be subjected to statistical analysis. Server software is developed using the Object Oriented approach of Python language. It consists of several parts viz; Graphic User Interface (GUI), networking system, speech synthesis and data storage system. All these parts run in parallel using multi-threading approach. Graphic User Interface of software is created using the Tkinter library. Python sockets are used to handle the networking and to communicate with the remote terminal units. The data between server and clients is transferred using the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Speech is synthesized using the festival framework. Threading module of language manages all the tasks in parallel and they are well synchronized with each other. Data is stored with time stamp which is obtained from the time module. The whole prototype has been set up in the microcontroller and PLC lab in Department of Electrical Engineering and has been successfully tested.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV SHEDS FOR GNDEC CAMPUS IN PARKING AREA

by Simranpreet Singh 

Abstract

The advancement of moderate, unlimited and clean sun based energy is having long term benefits. It is expanding the energy security of nations, decreases pollution and helps to reduce the global warming. Solar energy is being increasingly used in India for production of electricity. India more so north India has abundant sunshine all year round. This power can be used to meet the ever increasing demand of electricity. This thesis describes the design and analysis of photovoltaic plant aiming to cover the parking area of Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab with PV panels, which will provide electrical energy for the institution and also sun shade for the cars thereby saving on energy costs and contributing to green energy.An area of 150x68 (approx. 10200) square feet is selected to design the solar PV shed in parking. Placement of solar PV modules is designed in the AutoCAD software and these panels are mounted on the poles. These poles are organized in rows and columns. Each row contains 6 poles and total 11 rows are designed. Elodra Ultima Silver series panels are used having the dimensions of 5.5x3.25 feet which are manufactured by Vikram Solar Company. Capacity of each panel is 250 Wp and total 400 panels are used in this design which makes the total capacity of 100kWp. Three inverters, one of 60kVA and two of 20kVA each are used to convert the DC power to AC power. System works in ongrid mode and surplus energy is supplied to utility using Net-metering. Total capital cost and payback period is calculated

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

POLY-GENERATION SOLUTION FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION: A CASE STUDY OF VILLAGE DHEEYA, RAJASTHAN by Azadwinder Singh 

Abstract

Electricity access plays a vital role for the socio-economic progress of rural areas. Safe drinking water and clean cooking energy are the basic necessities of daily life. The integrated supply of both could have a great positive impact on living standard of inhabitants of rural regions. In this context, present work study will elaborate the feasibility and potential effects of poly-generation system that provides access to clean energy, electricity and safe drinking water to rural village in India. Based on the case study, this thesis examines the load assessment of village and resource potential for electricity generation and cooking. Whereas, the electricity is also used to purify water from Reverse Osmosis system. As per available resources, the system of biogas generator and solar PV has been designed by using techno-economic optimization from HOMER software. The study also estimates the willingness as well as ability to pay for services in order to have a positive impact of poly-generation system on rural inhabitants. The project has potential to completely satisfy the electricity demand of village and initially it has capability to supply cooking gas to 62% of the households. The levelized cost of electricity obtained by HOMER for system is 0.193$/kWh which is about four times costlier than the consumers pay for electricity obtained from grid. Yet, the system has potential to provide additional services like clean cooking fuel and safe drinking water along with electricity access to the villages which are not feasible for grid extension due to topography of the region. The system with quality and reliable services provide benefits to villagers in terms of education, health, safety, income generation, comfort and entertainment.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE AND STEEL FIBRES ON CORROSION OF REBARS IN R.C.C by Kuldip Singh

Abstract

Corrosion of steel is the fundamental reason of decline of RCC structures in presenttime. When the RCC structures fails due to corrosion of rebars then unity of structures also under a danger. Due to the corrosion of the steel rebar, the structures fails and causes a loss of property and money also. Therefore corrosion of reinforcement steel is dangerous and required a study to minimize the corrosion of the steel reinforcement. In this this work PPF and SF were utilize to safe the steel rebars against the corrosion. The use of polypropylene fibres in the concrete mix improves moment capacity and ductility of the tested concrete beams. The result for the steel fibre also showed an improvement in moment capacity. The research work consists of investing the influence of the SF and PPF on corrosion of rebars in R.C.C. In this research (100 × 100 × 400) mm beams were cast having bottom steel bars of 8 mm dia for a corrosion process. In this research (100 × 100 × 500) mm beams were cast to check the flexural strength of PPFRC and SFRC beams and (150 × 150 × 150) mm size cubes were cast to check the compressive strength of PPFRC and SFRC cubes. For the study, monofilament

polypropylene fibres and hooked end steel fibres were used. In this research work 8 concrete mixes were prepared using a SF and PPF. From the research concluded that corrosion of rebars decreases with the addition of fibre content because the fibre provides discontinuity to the path of harmful agents in the concrete. From the research it has been observed that S1mix samples show best performance in compressive strength, SP2 mix in the flexural strength and P1 mix in corrosion resistance

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MRR FOR AISI 304 STAINLESS STEEL ON CNC LATHE by Amritpal Singh 

Abstract

Turning is the basic operation in machining process which is used in manufacturing industries and is very essential to optimize the various input cutting parameters affecting turning process for the optimal results. The turning process is influenced by many factors such as spindle speed, feed, depth of cut, insert radius etc. In order to control the output parameters that are MRR and Surface roughness, it is very necessary to control these input parameters. Taguchi design of method is very efficient for the optimization of these output parameters in turning process. The main objective of our work is to obtain an optimal setting of input parameters in turning to reduce the surface roughness and increase the material removal rate. The cutting speed, Feed rate, depth of cut and insert radius are considered as input parameters which are directly affects the surface roughness and material removal rate of the work material. Stainless steel AISI 304 is used as a work piece which is machined by TiCN-Al2O3 mixed ceramic insert. The results concluded that cutting speed has a most influence factor which affects the Surface roughness. Surface roughness is reduced with high cutting speed, low feed, low depth of cut and high nose radius. The high cutting speed 1000 RPM, larger nose radius 1.2 mm with low feed rate 0.10 mm /rev and low depth of cut 0.50 mm would reduce the surface roughness, Ra. The material removal rate is influenced by all input parameters i.e. MRR is increases with increasing insert radius, cutting speed, feed and depth of cut.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI ROLL BURNISHING TOOL FOR THE SURFACE FINISHING OF ALUMINUM 7075 CYLINDER LINERS by Jeevesh Sharma 

Abstract

The burnishing process is a chipless finishing process in which the metal surface is plastically deformed. Most of the work in the past is done on the ball burnishing and single roller burnishing. The ball burnishing process has a disadvantage of limited feed which leads to longer cycle times and in the workpiece of longer length, the load applied is limited in both the cases of ball burnishing and roller burnishing as it could bend the workpiece. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a tool which removes the limitations of previous works. Multi roll burnishing tool has been developed to finish the inside of the Aluminum 7075-cylinder liner surface. Taguchi method is used to study the effect and contribution of the burnishing parameters such as speed (rpm), feed and number of passes. Trend of surface roughness revealed that maximum surface finish is obtained at low speed and intermediate level of passes. The feed comes out to be an insignificant parameter. Trend of surface hardness revealed that maximum hardness is obtained at minimum speed and maximum number of passes. The feed rate comes out to be insignificant in this case also. The contribution of parameters is found to be accurate at 95% confidence level.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from production

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DIE CHANGE SCHEDULE IN A FORGING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY by Mohkam Singh 

Abstract

Hot Forging is a metal forming process which is applied to a wide variety of high strength automotive

components. To satisfy demand of high production rate at lower cost, it is very important to consider the life of dies. In general, the possible causes of die failure in metal forming include cracks, plastic deformation and wear.A preliminary survey of forging industries revealed that dies experience several problems during embossing and stamping processes like surface cracks and changes in dimensional unstability etc. On an average the production need to be stopped 2-3 times in typical day. In this study, the die dismantling cycle and methods to increase die life in upset forging has been done in a local industry. The hot forging operation was carried out at a work-piece temperature of 1100°C and die temperature of 200°C for a batch of rear axle shaft on a 1200 ton horizontal upsetter. The work-piece and die materials were AISI 1038 mild steel and AISI DB 6 die steel, respectively. After changing the die material i.e.H13 die steel and implementing the graphite with water lubrication, the die life increases 50% and the production rate increases 15%. The die dismantling cycle also reduces 

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from civil

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF HYBRID FRAME STRUCTURES FOR VARIOUS SEISMIC ZONES

by Sameer Ahmed 

Abstract

After the incident and lesson learnt from Bhuj earthquake it shows the importance of civil structure engineering. During structure analysis the response spectrum method is used to get the seismic response of the structure. The analysis approach is done by STAAD pro. for G+12 storied building having seismic response of different hybrid frame structures are considered for seismic Zones II to Zone V by using response spectrum method to find out the nodal displacements and also determine the cost percentage of the structure. The comparative cases of hybrid structure are classified as, Case 1: RC Frame Structure, Case 2: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall Systems, Case 3: RC Frame Structure with Braces, Case 4: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall Systems and with X- Concrete and X- Steel bracing, Case 5: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall Systems and with outer frame of Steel Bracing, having individual case studies for seismic Zone II to Zone V. The comparative results of RC Frame Structure of Case 5: RC Frame Structure with Shear wall at centre and corner and with outer frame of I-section bracing is determined as best hybrid structure which resist the lateral forces with minimum node displacement i.e. 52.628 mm at Zone V. In individual case study the best type of hybrid technique is also analyze from seismic zone to resist the lateral forces, the shear wall at centre and corner of the structure with outer frame of I-section bracing with the node displacement of Zone II = 14.618 mm, Zone III = 23.390 mm, Zone IV = 35.085mm, Zone V= 52.628 mm and displacement decrease in percentage with respect to reinforced concrete frame for seismic Zone II to Zone V are 91.50%, 91.50%, 91.72% and 91.56%. From cost effectiveness Reinforced Concrete shear wall at center and corner of the structure with outer frame of cross I section bracing is best hybrid structure. Therefore hybrid structure and its technique are the future necessity to get the high performance results in seismic vulnerability. Keywords: Earthquake, Seismic response, Hybrid structure, Hybrid techniques, Shear wall, Bracing, Seismic Zones, Nodal displacement, Reinforced concrete frame

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from power

COMPARISON OF LOCATIONAL MARGINAL PRICING WITH TWO PART TARIFF STRUCTURE FOR AN INDIAN UTILITY by Harleen Kaur

Abstract

To extract the benefits of the smart grid concepts like demand response and demand side management, it is essential to implement an efficient and reliable dynamic tariff structure in the electrical power system. The two part tariff structure is the sum of fixed cost and variable cost. In almost all the regions of India two part tariff structure is implemented due to its advantages like it encourages the customers not to over announce their demands, provides a balanced approach for the recovery of cost due to the fixed cost paid. On the other hand locational marginal pricing comprises of energy, losses and the transmission line overloading cost. In US locational marginal pricing method is used because of its merits like in this method price depends upon location, as the location distance increases the price increases and vice versa. This research work proposes an approach for comparison of Locational Marginal Pricing with Two Part Tariff pricing structure under Indian utility system. The proposed problem has been solved by running AC Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) in MATPOWER. From this LMP values are obtained and hence with the help of fixed and variable costs the results are obtained. The proposed comparison is carried out on Indian utility 62-bus system in the form of three cases that is without line loading, with line loading and with line loading considering energy conservation. In case of without line loading as these is no congestion both the methods that is locational marginal pricing and two part tariff shows almost same results. In case of with line loading there comes difference in results of both methods due to the presence of congestion. While in case of line loading considering energy conservation the payment in locational marginal pricing method comes out to be less in comparison to two part tariff pricing structure. The proposed research work shows present two part tariff method should be improved to include the effect of locational marginal pricing method.