New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Industrial

IMPLEMENTING LEAN IN AUTO PARTS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY by Goldy Choudhary 

Abstract

Lean is a technique that is used to accelerate rate of production and minimize the cost of any process by eliminating the waste in either manufacturing or service. The waste may be non-value added cost or unwanted waiting time with in the process caused by defects, over production, and other processes. The non-value added activity in the process is a serious issue in medium scale industries. The nonvalue added events are inversely connected to the output of a company. Many companies are focusing on the elimination of non-value added activities. In present work, a case study has been undertaken for measuring the non-value added events typically study as non-value and suggesting right solution to decrease the impression of these events on product. The organization is engaged in production of various types of automobile sheet metal components. In this case study, “Plate RR up cross” selected due to its problem of long production lead time. The lean manufacturing tools such as VSM, Sequence method are proposed for productivity improvement. It has been observed that production lead time was reduced by 24.76% in this case study.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Civil-Geo

Utilization of Reclaimed Concrete Aggregates in Granular Sub Base and Stone column by Shahbaz Singh 

Abstract

For the first time, construction and demolition waste rules, 2016 has been notified by the Union Government and rules states that at present India produces nearly 530 million tons of construction and demolition (C&D) waste annually. This construction and demolition waste is a resource not a waste. Forty percent out of C&D waste is waste concrete, so in this study an attempt has been made to utilizethis so that it does not put any adverse effect on our environment. Also continous land mining for aggregates creates huge pollution and effects our environment very much. So there has to be an alternative souce for aggregate production. Reclaimed concrete aggregates (RCA) is used an alternate in other fields but till date a very little use of these aggregates is reported in geotechnical engineering. In Swachh Bharat Mission (2014) it is stated that RCA can be utilized in plain cement concrete (PCC) and in reinforced cement concrete (RCC), no where it is written it can be used in geotechnical engineering. Literature review shows that only thirty percent of RCA can be used in PCC or RCC , so still the problem of remaining seventy percent remains which will put adverse effects on environment. This is high time to use RCA in geotechnical enginering.In this study an atempt has been made to utilize RCA in granular sub base and in stone column. This thesis work is divided into three phases, in first phase various laboratory tests have been performed on natural aggregates and RCA to check its use in geotechnical engineering, in second phase natural GSB with different percentages of RCA i.e, 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% is been prepared and laboratory tests have been done to check their compatibility according to Indian standards. And in third phase RCA has been used in stone column in which Plaxis software package is used to analyse, wheather RCA can be used in stone column. Results has been found satisfactory in all the three cases.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Civil-Geo

IMPROVEMENT IN CBR AND UCS VALUE OF CLAYEY SOIL USING RICE HUSK ASH AND GEO-GRID by Joginder Singh 

Abstract

Soil stabilization is widely used now days due to decrease in sites and increasing construction structures and to counter the swell-shrink characteristics of the clayey soil. The performance of pavement is very dependent upon the characteristics of the soil sub-grade, which provides base for whole pavement structure. Also, million tons of waste is produced from agricultural fields and industries making environment polluted. Accumulation of waste is a serious threat to our environment. Various problems are faced by engineers in their disposal. Therefore, practice of using waste materials is commonly opted. The main objective of this research is focused at improving the CBR and UCS values of clayey soil with addition of RHA as stabilizer along with geo-grid as reinforcement in layers. The soil used for the research purpose was collected from village Lohat Badhi, near Ludhiana. Samples were prepared by mixing with the different proportions of RHA as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The effect of RHA on Atterberg’s limits (LL, PL and PI), Compaction parameters, CBR and UCS values was observed. It was observed that Atterberg’s limit and value of Maximum Dry Density show reduction in their values as compared with that of unmolded clayey soil with increase in RHA content while OMC showed some increase in its value. Maximum value of CBR was observed at 15% RHA with value of 5.83 (unsoaked) and 4.01 (soaked) and UCS value of 190.12kN/m2. Further soil was stabilized with single layer of geo-grid with plan dimensions of CBR mould was placed at distance of 25mm, 50mm, 75mm and 100mm. With each arrangement of geo-grid, the CBR values are calculated and compared with the results of CBR values obtained earlier without geo-grids. It was concluded that maximum CBR value attained when single geo-grid was placed at distance of 25mm from top of CBR mould. Further for two layered geo-grid reinforcement, maximum CBR value was attained with two layer geogrid at 50mm and 100mm. CBR increased with increase in number of layers increasing to 14.96 (unsoaked) and 11.67 (soaked) with four layer reinforcement. Hence, use of Rice Husk Ash along with geo-grid reinforcement proved to be effective method for stabilizing soil.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Civil-Geo

SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOUR OF PILED-RAFT FOUNDATION WITH NON-UNIFORM PILES IN SAND by Opinder Singh Ghuman 

Abstarct

In civil engineering, foundation system is one of the most important aspect of the structure. Structures

are said to be safe and efficient which are having proper design of foundation system. Foundation system design also lead to the overall economy of the project. In foundations, piles and rafts are used individually in many respects. By combining the two systems, necessary values for design, required safety and more economical solutions are find by the foundation engineers. The piled raft foundation systemis a composite foundation systemwhich involves piles,raft and soil to transmit loads of superstructure to the ground. In the design of piled rafts, the load sharing between the piles and raft is taken. The PRF is an effective way of minimizing both total and differential settlements, improving the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation, and effectively reducing the internal stress levels and bending moments within a pile.By utilizing these type of foundations that share the contributions of both raft and piles in tall and heavy buildings, or otherwise when extraordinary loadings such as earthquake, wind and wave loads exist or more. When the condition of soft and loose subsoil is seen, piled raft foundations seem to be a quite reasonable implementation. In the present study, Plaxis 3d software is used for finding behaviour of piled raft foundation by varying pile parameters such as length and diameter. The material used is sand and concrete piles. To check the settlement behaviour of pile raft foundation on sand, different types of loads are appliedon the raft. It is observed from the software observations that the bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is increased by using the piles of greater length and diameter installed at the periphery under the centre point load, piles of greater length and diameter installed under the eccentric point loading condition.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Civil-Geo

Effect of RBI Grade 81 and Fly ash on CBR value of clayey and expansive soil by Virajan Verma

Abstract

In a developing country like India, roads are being constructed at a very fast rate. Traffic is increasing day by day and therefore we require a pavement that can safely take the loads and transfer them to the sub grade soil. Sometimes the soil does-not have enough strength and stability to carry the loads coming from the pavement. In such a case either we can replace the soil or we can stabilize it. Stabilization provides an economical solution. In the present study soil is stabilized by using RBI Grade 81 and fly ash. More precisely, a comparison is done on the effect of RBI Grade 81 and fly ash on the CBR value of clayey soil and Expansive soil. The different percentages of RBI used were 1%, 3% and 5%, whereas fly ash was used at 10%, 20% and 30% respectively. The clayey soil used was not expansive in nature and therefore 15% bentonite powder was added to it to make it expansive. The various tests performed in the laboratory were standard proctor test and CBR test. OMC increased and MDD decreased using both RBI and fly ash on both soils. With the addition of 1%, 3% and 5% RBI, the OMC was found to be 16.5, 17 and 18% respectively. The OMC of virgin soil came out to be 16%. The MDD of virgin soil was 1.61g/cc. The MDD was found to be 1.6, 1.59 and 1.58g/cc respectively upon adding 1%, 3% and 5% RBI. The soaked CBR value of virgin soil was 1.75%. This value increased to 3.75, 6.86 and 9.63% respectively with the addition of 1%, 3% and 5% RBI. The optimum combination was found to be 75:20:5 (Soil: Fly ash: RBI) for both the soils. It was also seen that the percentage increase in CBR value for clayey soil was more as compared to expansive soil in all cases.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Power

STABILITY IMPROVEMENT IN MICRO GRID USING THERMAL STORAGE

SYSTEM by Simrandeep Kaur 

Abstact

In power grids, storage systems are very helpful because they store excess energy when the energy production is at peak and the need is low. When the production is low and doesn’t fulfill the need of the users, the stored energy is put into use. The proposed method suggests a micro grid comprises conventional generator, inexhaustible, storage system and loads to examine the control of energy flow

and stabilize damping effects by using thermal storage. Thermal storage has many advantages like it is eco friendly, longer life strength and high absorbing power. In this methodology, heat pump and resistive type thermal storage are suggested, but work is done by using heat pump type thermal storage. An effective design is established for the thermal storage and by using linear techniques, the stability of the grid is examined. The results are proved in simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software and the stability of the micro grid is enhanced by using an optimal controller i.e. PID controller.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from VLSI

FPGA BASED BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM by Fariha Naaz

Abstract

As Blood pressure is known to be the major indicator of a person’s health, thus there is an emerging demand for easy to use Continous Non invasive Blood Pressure monitoring (CNBP) systems. This paper describes the development of a System-on-a-chip (SOC) based wearable system for the measurement of Blood Pressure that will act as Continuous Noninvasive Blood Pressure (CNBP) system enabling the doctor to clearly analyze a patient’s blood pressure changes throughout the day. It

will replace bulky BP monitoring machine by merely a cuff as the developed SoC based system can be sewed up in the cuff itself, while the readings will appear on patient’s SMART phone. It will revolutionize the way BP was measured. The complete system will always ON, always working, so it

helps for Continuous BP monitoring where in a timer will be set in the Android Application for the BP measurement interval , these readings will be recorded in a table and can be analysed graphically for further decision making at the doctor’s end and also it will provide numerous possibilities for health benefits. A fully functional FPGA implemenntation for developing an SOC for Blood Pressure

monitoring has been succesfully implemented on Spartan3E kit using Xilinx ISE 12.4 with only 150 slices and 280 4-input LUTSs . SOC implementation will guarantee size minimization and also low power consumption suitable for battery operated device. The proposed design when compared with other commercial available digital BP Monitoring device, gave satisfactory readings. The future of Blood pressure measurement would just like operating a mobile Application

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Power

SUPERCAPACITOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION by Sonam Khurana 

Abstract

Supercapacitor (SC) also popularly known as Ultracapacitor (UC) or Electric Double Layer Capacitor

(ELDC) is becoming one of the most attractive Energy Storage Device. Supercapacitors have capacity to store large amount of power as compared to traditional capacitors. It has high power density and large life cycle due to these properties it can be employed in many applications. In traditional capacitors capacitance value is in microfarads, picofarads and nanofarads. To get higher values of capacitance of the order of hundreds of farads supercapacitors have been employed. Supercapacitors have high porous electrodes and employs different kinds of materials for electrodes. Mainly carbon based electrodes have been used for electrodes as carbon has highly porous structure. In this activated carbon based electrode has been used for improving specific capacitance which has specific surface area approximately 1000-3000 m2/g and it provides encouraging results with higher specific capacitance when specific area of the electrodes has been increased. When distance between the electrodes is varied from 2nm to 10nm value of specific capacitance also changes. Barium titanate has been used as dielectric material whose dielectric constant is different for different temperatures and its specific capacitance value comes to be maximum at 25°C. Life expectancy of supercapacitor has been evaluated and comes out to be long and gives hundreds of cycles of life. Lifetime of supercapacitor gets double when ambient temperature of supercapacitor is decreased by 10°C. At 25°C expected lifetime of supercapacitor is 32000 hours and at 65°C expected lifetime is 2000 hours. Effect on Voltage and charge of supercapacitor has been evaluated when distance between the electrodes is increased.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Power

Stability Testing of Biogas Plant in Electric Power System by Gurpreet Kaur 

Abstract

This thesis is the study of Stability Testing of Biogas Plant in Electric Power System. A short description on Biogas Plant is given in introductory part. Furthermore, generator and regulator Modelling with its surrounding load modelled as well in software package Power World Simulator. Therefore, this simulation shows that the system is stable under short period of disturbances. In order to meet the sustained load demands, different renewable energy sources need to be integrated. Many of renewable energy resources produces less amount of energy than classical plant and in this case new stability problem arises when these plants integrate into power system in case of disturbances. As electric power system is highly non-linear so that its dynamic stability is tested under transient conditions. Per capita energy consumption is an index of development of any nation and with the use of renewable energy sources we can increase the per capita energy consumption in India and also Energy,Economy and Environment are the three inter related areas directly responsible for development of any country and therefore our main emphasis is on conservation of energy by the use of renewable energy sources. Finally the possibility of island mode with its surrounding load is tested in case of blackouts in this thesis. This island mode is reasonable and possible in longer blackouts.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Power

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF TCSC IN POWER SYSTEM LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

by Amanpeet Kaur 

Absract

With the current trend towards restructuring and deregulation in the power industry, burden over the power systems has been raised owing to the open access policies. Under the open access regime, all the buyers wish to avail the power from cheaper generation sources without even compromising with the operational as well as thermal stability constraints of the transmission corridors. This trend in the electricity market, has lead to overloaded (network congestion), inefficient, insecure and unreliable operation of the power system network. Owing to certain restrictions including environmental factors, right-of-way, cost involved, limited conventional sources of energy etc, the process of extending the transmission utilities cannot be done at large scale. Fortunately, the introduction of revolutionary Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in the power industry has generated a solution to the undesirable operating conditions of the power system. These devices facilitate the economic, reliable, flexible and secure operation of network by controlling certain variables that regulate power flowing into the network. As the load demand varies, the demand for the reactive power is also varied. If this demand is not met, it yields unacceptable voltage profile at the buses and ultimately leads to voltage instability which in turn effects not only the operation of various electrical equipments but also results in transmission losses. In this research work, Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) has been modeled in the Newton Raphson load flow algorithm and simulations have been carried out to provide integrated solution for the voltage profile improvement, reduction of real and reactive power losses as well as the control over the active power flowing in the lines by modification of effective reactance of the line by TCSC. The simulation results have been carried out on the IEEE-14 bus system in the MATLAB environment. The optimal results for improved voltage profile when TCSC connected in line 4-5, reduced losses (real and reactive power losses) with TCSC connected in line 1-5 and real power flow regulation in the transmission line 1-2 when TCSC connected in line 1-2 and 1-5 have been achieved. It has been concluded that the integrated solution is obtained for voltage profile improvement, loss reduction and regulation of power flow on installing TCSC in line 1-5.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Power

A LOAD FLOW BASED APPROACH FOR REACTIVE POWER PROCUREMENT IN DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM by Deepika Jindal

Abstract

With the advancement of technology, the demand of electrical energy has increased many folds. There are many problems in transmission of power from one point to another point such as voltage dip, power losses, line failure due to over loading, contractual path flow, transmission congestion, stability issues among others. These issues can be handled properly with the support of ancillary services. So, for the reliable, safe and required degree of quality transmission, the ancillary services are required to be procured from various resources. The major ancillary services are reactive power regulation, frequency regulation, reserves, black start, backup supply, system control, dynamic scheduling, real power transmission losses. All these ancillary services are used in deregulated power system. These services provide the support in transmission of power in interconnected grids. In deregulated power system, the generation, transmission and distribution are controlled by different companies, where as in vertically integrated structures, all the three functions were handled by a single company. Main concern of this research work is with the reactive power regulation. In this research work, an optimization problem has been formulated for reactive power procurement from generation companies. The objective of this optimization problem is to minimize the real power transmission losses subject to the real and reactive power operational constraints. The proposed problem is solved by the application of Newton Raphson load flow (NRLF). In the proposed methodology, NRLF is performed under the base case and in case voltage profile of system buses is violated, further load flows are carried out with the objective of minimization of transmission losses. The proposed methodology has been tested on IEEE 30-bus system in MATLAB environment without/with the procurement of reactive power from single bus or from multiple buses. Results show the improvement in voltage profile by procuring the reactive power from the specified buses.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON AISI H13 STEEL WITH CRYOGENIC COOLED COPPER ELECTRODE IN EDM by  Gurdeep Singh 

Abstract

Electric discharge machining (EDM) is widely used process in manufacturing high-precision components from extremely hard and exotic metal. Cryogenic is a process that uses cryogenic temperatures to modify materials to enhance their performance, not much work has been reported in the investigation of effect of Cryogenic Treated electrode while used as a tool in EDM. AISI H13 chromium hot-work steel is widely used in hot and cold work tooling applications. Due to its excellent combination of high toughness and fatigue resistance, H13 is used more than any other tool steel in tooling applications. Investigations were conducted on the machining of AISI H13 tool steel via Cryogenic Cooled copper electrode in electrical discharge machining (CCEDM). The Minitab software was used for experimental results to optimized parameters of process on the basis of orthogonal array of Taguchi L9. The analysis indicated that parameters at which maximum material removal rate(MRR) (23.738mm3/min) obtained was 20A discharge current and 45V gap voltage, minimum tool wear rate(TWR) (0.0199gm/min) was obtained at 10A current and 65V voltage and minimum surface roughness(SR) (5.982μm) was obtained at 10A current and 200μs.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Civil

IMPROVEMENT IN STRENGTH OF SILTY SOIL BY MIXING POLYPROPYLENE FIBER AND STONE DUST by Jagjeevan Singh

Abstract

Soil is the unconsolidated part of earth crust or rock and which is produced by physical or chemical disintegration of the various rocks. Construction of geotechnical structures on weak soil is highly risky because such soil is more susceptible to differential settlements due to their poor strength and high compressibility. Accumulation of solid waste is another serious problem faced by the world for which huge area of land is required for its disposal. Among the recent development, introduction of reinforcement in different form and use of the solid waste is being tried to improve the overall soil behavior. The objective of this study is to increase strength of silty soil using polypropylene fiber and Stone Dust. Different proportions of stone dust used were as 10, 20, 30 and 40% and polypropylene fiber were as 0.5, 1 and 1.5% to dry weight of soil.In this study, series of laboratory tests such as compaction test, California bearing ratio test and direct shear test were performed. From the compaction test it was observed that MDD increases and OMC decreases with increase in stone dust. Soaked CBR value of virgin soil was 2.92% and maximum percentage increase in CBR value was observed at 30% stone dust i.e. 6.08%. The stone dust was optimized at 30% and was used for further work. Further with increase in fiber content by keeping stone dust optimum MDD decreases and there was no significant change in OMC. On addition of Polypropylene fiber CBR value increased and maximum value was observed at 1% i.e. 8.02%. In direct shear test, cohesion value and angle of shearing resistance for virgin soil was 0.27 kg/cm2 and 210 respectively. With addition of stone dust cohesion value decreases and angle of internal friction increases. Further with addition of PP fiber cohesion value and angle of internal friction both increases. From the above results it was concluded that use of stone dust along with polypropylene fiber reinforcement proved to be effective method for stabilizing soil. The best proportion obtained was 69% Soil + 30% Stone Dust + 1% Polypropylene fiber.

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Electronics

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FRACTAL ANTENNA WITH FRACTAL SHAPED DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE  by Navneet Kaur 

Abstract

With the rapid growth of wireless commercial applications such as WLAN, Wimax, mobile data the need for multiband and wideband antennas increase rapidly. Various design approaches were given by different researchers. Microstrip antennas came into existence, but they have narrow bandwidth. Fractal antennas overcome this problem by their properties of self-similarity and space filling. Fractal antennas show multiband and wideband behavior. Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is an etched structure in the ground plane of the antenna which perturbs the current distribution and various other characteristics of the antenna. In present work, fractal shape is used in the ground plane of the fractal antenna to get better performance. This antenna is designed for two substrate materials- RT Duroid and FR4. A Koch shaped fractal square is used on the radiating patch of the antenna. A new fractal shape is used in the ground plane of the antenna. This antenna shows multiband and wideband behavior with improved values of return loss, gain and efficiency. For the analysis and verification of the antenna, various simulations are performed for the proposed antenna with conventional ground plane. So, the proposed antenna shows better results with fractal DGS as compared to the conventional ground plane. The proposed antenna is fabricated with FR4 substrate. Then, the antenna is tested with Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Electronics

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FRACTAL ANTENNA FOR MIMO APPLICATION  

by Nitika Sharma 

Abstract

With the advancement in the wireless technologies, the antenna designers have been challenged to come up with compact, high-performing, easy-to-fabricate antennas with a high radiation efficiency to keep up with the increasing demands. In presented work, a new multiband fractal antenna for MIMO applications is proposed. To design a MIMO fractal antenna, initially we designed a hybrid fractal antenna. Using a combination of Koch and Minkowski curves placed on the boundary of the rectangular patch. The proposed antenna is designed on a RT- duriod and FR4 substrate having thicknesses of 3.175 mm and 1.47 mm, respectively. Antenna is resonant at three resonance frequencies. The element antenna is also verified experimentally for both the substrate, the simulated and experimental results showed a satisfying agreement. The simulation of 2×2 MIMO antenna is done in IE3D software in which elements are placed at different separation distances like 8 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 18 mm etc and their characteristic parameters are analyzed for distinct distances. After studying their performance for different distances, the antenna is fabricated for 18 mm separation distance. Diversity performance of the antenna in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is calculated with the help of MATLAB program. The value for both substrates is less than 0.0007, which is greater than threshold value 0.5. The MIMO antenna is fabricated on the FR4 substrate. The fabricated prototype is verified experimentally with the help of vector network analyzer. Measurement results are similar to simulation results.     

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF SILICA BASED YTTRIUM CERIUM HYBRID SOL-GEL COATING ON HOT CORROSION OF  BOILER STEEL, MS 210 

by Tajinder Singh

Abstract

Hot corrosion is major problem in industrial machinery. It results in major losses in power generation sector. One of the prominent sector is Boiler tubes in fire tube boilers. Various salts like Sodium Sulphate, Sodium chloride and Vanadium Pentoxide contribute to hot corrosion in boiler tubes. To eradicate these problems various types of coatings are being studied and being introduced. Sol-gel technique is relatively new method of coating preparation and with time have proved to be a lot cheaper and reliable when compared to other coating techniques. Instead of using single element of coating, now combination of two or more is being introduced to overcome the limitations of a single element coating. Rare earth elements had also shown good corrosion resistance and they can also be incorporated in combination with other elements. In present research, hybrid sol-gel coating of silica based yttrium cerium was prepared and tested on mild steel MS 210 as mild steel is widely used as boiler tubes material. Bare and coated samples were subjected to cyclic oxidation with molten salt environment. SEM-EDS and X-Ray mapping were done on these specimens. These tests revealed that sol-gel coating is efficient in providing protective coat on specimen under hot corrosion conditions. 

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETIC ABRASIVES PREPARED BY SINTERING PROCESS by Mukesh Kumar 

Abstract

Magnetic abrasives play essential role in Magnetic abrasive Finishing (MAF) process. At present magnetic abrasives are prepared by various methods. Most of the studies have been reported where simple mixing of ferromagnetic and abrasive particles is done. The improved method suggested was sintering. But in the existing studied the detail of sintering has not been mentioned. In the present work the parametric studies have been undertaken to find the suitable combination of input process parameters of sintering so that good quality magnetic abrasive can be produced. Three major parameters sintering time (min), compacting pressure (N/mm2), Abrasive concentration (%age) has been chosen. By adopting DOE technique Response Surface Methodology (RSM) a set of experiments have been conducted. The experimental data was analyzed by software and effect of input parameters on two output parameters PISF (Percentage Improvement in Surface Finish), MS (Magnetic Strength) has been studied. Empirical relation between input and output parameters has also been suggested. For brass specimen the results obtained 68.8 % PISF at sintering time 24 min, compacting pressure 8.3 N/mm2 and abrasive concentration 18 % aluminum oxide with 82 % iron powder. Similarly 99.99 % magnetic strength obtained at sintering time 51 min, compacting pressure 8.3 N/mm2 and 18 % abrasive concentration with 82 % iron powder.  

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES by Jagmeet Singh 

Abstract

In the last few decoys, synthetic textiles such as plastics have been employed as an alternate to iron/steel for manufacturing automotive components. Synthetic textiles are used for fabricating almost every item from the products of household to complex structures machine components and many more. Due to less weight, high strength and low water absorption properties, synthetic plastics find an extensive application in field of engineering. Actually, different synthetic fibers like nylon, glass, polyester, and carbon are mainly utilized as reinforcement in plastics composites. At present, because of deficiency and high cost of petroleum and it's by products, there is a need to look for its substitute, which is only natural and bio-degradable. The role of composite materials in field of engineering is gradually increasing. The composite consists of mainly two phases, i.e. matrix and fiber. The aim of this study is to evaluate mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact strength of hybrid sisal/jute reinforced epoxy composites. The composite samples are prepared by hand layup and compression molding technique. The hybrid composites of sisal/jute are fabricated with various weight ratios (100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 and 0/100) at 20% and 30% overall fiber fraction. The results showed that the hybrid fiber composites performed better than non-hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Structural analysis was carried out to check fracture behavior and fiber pullout of the samples using scanning electron microscope. Keywords: Hybrid, Mechanical Properties and Compression Molding. 

New M.Tech. Thesis Submitted from Production

PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACE GRINDING WITH CRYOGENIC COOLANT by Dalwinder Singh 

Abstract

Sustainable machining is becoming an emerging area in manufacturing because of economical and health problems caused by usage of cutting fluids. Among all the machining operations, an enormous amount of heat is produced during grinding process due to large contact area between work piece and grinding wheel. For controlling such high temperature during the operation, the use of coolant is very necessary. The presently used conventional coolants in almost all industries have some negative effects like environmental pollution due to boiling of cutting fluid, smoke, affecting the health of operator, difficulties in storage of cutting fluids. The surface quality of ground surfaces is also at stake if conventional coolants are used. An appropriate alternative to this problem is use of cryogenic coolant during machining which has been undertaken in the present work. In the present work, parametric optimization of surface grinding has been done by taking cryogenic coolant (liquid nitrogen) as a cooling medium and comparison has been done with dry and conventional coolant. The experiments were performed on precision surface grinder by considering three input parameters (cooling condition, depth of cut and longitudinal feed/table speed). Investigations have been done to check the influence of process parameters on surface roughness (μm), micro hardness (HV0.1) and specific energy (J/mm3). The process parameters were optimized using Minitab software based on Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The analysis indicated that the cryogenic coolant proved to be best for improvements in surface roughness and micro hardness whereas dry condition better for specific energy consumption. The minimum surface roughness of 0.563 μm and maximum micro hardness of 665.33 HV0.1 obtained under cryogenic condition and minimum specific energy 1377.40 J/mm3 obtained under dry condition.